University of New Hampshire

About: University of New Hampshire is a education organization based out in Durham, New Hampshire, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Solar wind. The organization has 9379 authors who have published 24025 publications receiving 1020112 citations. The organization is also known as: UNH.

Extremely high speed solar wind: 29–30 October 2003

Abstract: [1] On 29-30 October 2003 the Solar Wind Electron Proton Alpha Monitor (SWEPAM) instrument on the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) spacecraft measured solar wind speeds in excess of 1850 km/s, some of the highest speeds ever directly measured in the solar wind. These speeds were observed following two large coronal mass ejection (CME) driven shocks. Surprisingly, despite the unusually high speeds, many of the other solar wind parameters were not particularly unusual in comparison with other large transient events. The magnetic field reached -68 nT, a large but not unprecedented value. The proton temperatures were significantly higher than typical for a CME in the solar wind at 1 AU (>10 7 K), but the proton densities were moderate, leading to low to moderate proton beta. The solar wind dynamic pressure was not unusual for large events but, when coupled with the large negative B z , was sufficient to cause intense geomagnetic disturbances.

Religiousness, spirituality, and psychosocial functioning in late adulthood: findings from a longitudinal study.

Abstract: This study used longitudinal data to examine the relations among religiousness, spirituality, and 3 key domains of psychosocial functioning in late adulthood: (a) sources of well-being, (b) involvement in tasks of everyday life, and (c) generativity and wisdom. Religiousness and spirituality were operationalized as distinct but overlapping dimensions of individual difference. In late adulthood, religiousness was positively related to well-being from positive relations with others, involvement in social and community life tasks, and generativity. Spirituality was positively related to well-being from personal growth, involvement in creative and knowledge-building life tasks, and wisdom. Neither religiousness nor spirituality was associated with narcissism. The relations between religiousness, spirituality, and outcomes in late adulthood were also observed using religiousness scored in early and spirituality scored in late middle adulthood. All analyses were controlled for gender, cohort, social class, and the overlap between religiousness and spirituality.

Radiolabeling and In Vivo Behavior of Copper-64-Labeled Cross-Bridged Cyclam Ligands

Abstract: Macrocyclic chelators and their metal complexes have widespread applications in the biomedical sciences, including radiopharmaceutical chemistry. The use of copper radionuclides in radiopharmaceuticals is increasing. Macrocyclic chelators have been found to have enhanced in vivo stability over acyclic chelators such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). The currently used chelators of choice for labeling copper radionuclides to biological molecules are analogues of TETA (1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-1,4,8,11-tetraacetic acid); however, recent reports have demonstrated evidence of in vivo instability of the radio-Cu(II)−TETA complexes. A new class of structurally reinforced macrocycles, the “cross-bridged” cyclam derivatives, form highly stable complexes with Cu(II) that are resistant to dissociation in strong acid. Here, we evaluate a series of 64Cu(II) cross-bridged macrocyclic complexes for biological stability and in vivo behavior. The ligands eva...

Electroexcitation of Nucleon Resonances from CLAS Data on Single Pion Electroproduction

Abstract: We present results on the electroexcitation of the low mass resonances $\ensuremath{\Delta}(1232){P}_{33}$, $N(1440){P}_{11}$, $N(1520){D}_{13}$, and $N(1535){S}_{11}$ in a wide range of ${Q}^{2}$. The results were obtained in the comprehensive analysis of data from the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) large acceptance spectrometer (CLAS) detector at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) on differential cross sections, longitudinally polarized beam asymmetries, and longitudinal target and beam-target asymmetries for $\ensuremath{\pi}$ electroproduction off the proton. The data were analyzed using two conceptually different approaches---fixed-$t$ dispersion relations and a unitary isobar model---allowing us to draw conclusions on the model sensitivity of the obtained electrocoupling amplitudes. The amplitudes for the $\ensuremath{\Delta}(1232){P}_{33}$ show the importance of a meson-cloud contribution to quantitatively explain the magnetic dipole strength, as well as the electric and scalar quadrupole transitions. They do not show any tendency of approaching the pQCD regime for ${Q}^{2}\ensuremath{\leqslant}6$ GeV${}^{2}$. For the Roper resonance, $N(1440){P}_{11}$, the data provide strong evidence that this state is a predominantly radial excitation of a three-quark ($3q$) ground state. Measured in pion electroproduction, the transverse helicity amplitude for the $N(1535){S}_{11}$ allowed us to obtain the branching ratios of this state to the $\ensuremath{\pi}N$ and $\ensuremath{\eta}N$ channels via comparison with the results extracted from $\ensuremath{\eta}$ electroproduction. The extensive CLAS data also enabled the extraction of the ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{*}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}N(1520){D}_{13}$ and $N(1535){S}_{11}$ longitudinal helicity amplitudes with good precision. For the $N(1535){S}_{11}$, these results became a challenge for quark models and may be indicative of large meson-cloud contributions or of representations of this state that differ from a $3q$ excitation. The transverse amplitudes for the $N(1520){D}_{13}$ clearly show the rapid changeover from helicity-3/2 dominance at the real photon point to helicity-1/2 dominance at ${Q}^{2}g1$ GeV${}^{2}$, confirming a long-standing prediction of the constituent quark model.

Reducing sea turtle by-catch in pelagic longline fisheries

Abstract: Reducingby-catchofseaturtlesinpelagiclonglinefisheries,inconcertwithactivitiesto reduce other anthropogenic sources of mortality, may contribute to the recovery of marine turtle populations. Here, we review research on strategies to reduce sea turtle by-catch. Due to the state of management regimes in most longline fisheries, strategies to reduce turtle interactions must not only be effective but also must be commercially viable. Becausemostresearchhasbeeninitiatedonlyrecently,manyresultsarenotyet peer-reviewed, publishedor readily accessible. Moreover, mostexperiments havesmall sample sizes and have been conducted over only a few seasons in a small number of fisheries; many study designs preclude drawing conclusions about the independent effectofsinglefactorsonturtleby-catchandtargetcatchrates;andfewstudiesconsider effects on other by-catch species. In the US North Atlantic longline swordfish fishery, 4.9-cm wide circle hooks with fish bait significantly reduced sea turtle by-catch rates and the proportion of hard-shell turtles that swallowed hooks vs. being hooked in the mouth compared to 4.0-cm wide J hooks with squid bait without compromising commercial viability for some target species. But these large circle hooks might not be effective or economically viable in other longline fisheries. The effectiveness and commercialviabilityofaturtleavoidancestrategymaybefishery-specific,dependingon thesizeandspeciesofturtlesandtargetfishandotherdifferencesbetweenfleets. Testing of turtle avoidance methods in individual fleets may therefore be necessary. It is a priority to conduct trials in longline fleets that set gear shallow, those overlapping the most threatened turtle populations and fleets overlapping high densities of turtles such as those fishing near breeding colonies. In addition to trials using large 4.9-cm wide circlehooksinplaceofsmallerJandJapantunahooks,otherfishingstrategiesareunder assessment. These include: (i) using small circle hooks (£ 4.6-cm narrowest width) in place of smaller J and Japan tuna hooks; (ii) setting gear below turtle-abundant depths; (iii) single hooking fish bait vs. multiple hook threading; (iv) reducing gear soak time and retrieval during daytime; and (v) avoiding by-catch hotspots through fleet communication programmes and area and seasonal closures.