University of New Hampshire

About: University of New Hampshire is a education organization based out in Durham, New Hampshire, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Solar wind. The organization has 9379 authors who have published 24025 publications receiving 1020112 citations. The organization is also known as: UNH.

Differential cross sections for gamma plus p -> K++ Y for Lambda and Sigma(0) hyperons

Abstract: High-statistics cross sections for the reactions {gamma}+p{yields}K{sup +}+{lambda} and {gamma}+p{yields}K{sup +}+{sigma}{sup 0} have been measured using CLAS at Jefferson Lab for center-of-mass energies W between 1.6 and 2.53 GeV, and for -0.85

Structure and composition of the plate-boundary slip zone for the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake.

Abstract: The mechanics of great subduction earthquakes are influenced by the frictional properties, structure, and composition of the plate-boundary fault. We present observations of the structure and composition of the shallow source fault of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake and tsunami from boreholes drilled by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 343 and 343T. Logging-while-drilling and core-sample observations show a single major plate-boundary fault accommodated the large slip of the Tohoku-Oki earthquake rupture, as well as nearly all the cumulative interplate motion at the drill site. The localization of deformation onto a limited thickness (less than 5 meters) of pelagic clay is the defining characteristic of the shallow earthquake fault, suggesting that the pelagic clay may be a regionally important control on tsunamigenic earthquakes.

Responses and feedbacks of coupled biogeochemical cycles to climate change: examples from terrestrial ecosystems

Abstract: The biogeochemical cycles of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) are fundamental to life on Earth. Because organisms require these elements in strict proportions, the cycles of C, N, and P are coupled at molecular to global scales through their effects on the biochemical reactions controlling primary production, respiration, and decomposition. The coupling of the C, N, and P cycles constrains organismal responses to climatic and atmospheric change, suggesting that present-day estimates of climate warming through the year 2100 are conservative. N and P supplies constrain C uptake in the terrestrial biosphere, yet these constraints are often not incorporated into global-scale analyses of Earth's climate. The inclusion of coupled biogeochemical cycles is critical to the development of next-generation, global-scale climate models.

Nitrate removal in stream ecosystems measured by 15N addition experiments: Denitrification

Abstract: We measured denitrification rates using a field 15N–NO { tracer-addition approach in a large, cross-site study of nitrate uptake in reference, agricultural, and suburban–urban streams. We measured denitrification rates in 49 of 72 streams studied. Uptake length due to denitrification (SWden) ranged from 89 m to 184 km (median of 9050 m) and there were no significant differences among regions or land-use categories, likely because of the wide range of conditions within each region and land use. N2 production rates far exceeded N2O production rates in all streams. The fraction of total NO { removal from water due to denitrification ranged from 0.5% to 100% among streams (median of 16%), and was related to NH z concentration and ecosystem respiration rate (ER). Multivariate approaches showed that the most important factors controlling SWden were specific discharge (discharge / width) and NO { concentration (positive effects), and ER and transient storage zones (negative effects). The relationship between areal denitrification rate (Uden) and NO { concentration indicated a partial saturation effect. A power function with an exponent of 0.5 described this relationship better than a Michaelis– Menten equation. Although Uden increased with increasing NO { concentration, the efficiency of NO { removal from water via denitrification declined, resulting in a smaller proportion of streamwater NO { load removed over a given length of stream. Regional differences in stream denitrification rates were small relative to the proximate factors of NO { concentration and ecosystem respiration rate, and land use was an important but indirect control on denitrification in streams, primarily via its effect on NO { concentration.