Institution
University of Western Australia
Education•Perth, Western Australia, Australia•
About: University of Western Australia is a education organization based out in Perth, Western Australia, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 29613 authors who have published 87405 publications receiving 3064466 citations. The organization is also known as: UWA & University of WA.
Topics: Population, Poison control, Galaxy, Context (language use), Medicine
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
Andrews University1, Australian Institute of Sport2, University of Wyoming3, Western Australian Institute of Sport4, University of Western Australia5, McMaster University6, Messiah College7, Bangor University8, German Sport University Cologne9, Vrije Universiteit Brussel10, Maastricht University Medical Centre11, University of Guelph12, World Anti-Doping Agency13, English Institute of Sport14, International Olympic Committee15
TL;DR: The appropriate use of some supplements can benefit the athlete, but others may harm the athlete’s health, performance, and/or livelihood and reputation and expert professional opinion and assistance is strongly advised before an athlete embarks on supplement use.
Abstract: Nutrition usually makes a small but potentially valuable contribution to successful performance in elite athletes, and dietary supplements can make a minor contribution to this nutrition programme. Nonetheless, supplement use is widespread at all levels of sport. Products described as supplements target different issues, including (1) the management of micronutrient deficiencies, (2) supply of convenient forms of energy and macronutrients, and (3) provision of direct benefits to performance or (4) indirect benefits such as supporting intense training regimens. The appropriate use of some supplements can benefit the athlete, but others may harm the athlete's health, performance, and/or livelihood and reputation (if an antidoping rule violation results). A complete nutritional assessment should be undertaken before decisions regarding supplement use are made. Supplements claiming to directly or indirectly enhance performance are typically the largest group of products marketed to athletes, but only a few (including caffeine, creatine, specific buffering agents and nitrate) have good evidence of benefits. However, responses are affected by the scenario of use and may vary widely between individuals because of factors that include genetics, the microbiome and habitual diet. Supplements intended to enhance performance should be thoroughly trialled in training or simulated competition before being used in competition. Inadvertent ingestion of substances prohibited under the antidoping codes that govern elite sport is a known risk of taking some supplements. Protection of the athlete's health and awareness of the potential for harm must be paramount; expert professional opinion and assistance is strongly advised before an athlete embarks on supplement use.
457 citations
••
TL;DR: A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in 39,883 individuals of European ancestry to identify genes associated with metabolic disease identifies novel genetic determinants of adiponectin levels, which, taken together, influence risk of T2D and markers of insulin resistance.
Abstract: Circulating levels of adiponectin, a hormone produced predominantly by adipocytes, are highly heritable and are inversely associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and other metabolic traits. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in 39,883 individuals of European ancestry to identify genes associated with metabolic disease. We identified 8 novel loci associated with adiponectin levels and confirmed 2 previously reported loci (P = 4.5×10(-8)-1.2×10(-43)). Using a novel method to combine data across ethnicities (N = 4,232 African Americans, N = 1,776 Asians, and N = 29,347 Europeans), we identified two additional novel loci. Expression analyses of 436 human adipocyte samples revealed that mRNA levels of 18 genes at candidate regions were associated with adiponectin concentrations after accounting for multiple testing (p<3×10(-4)). We next developed a multi-SNP genotypic risk score to test the association of adiponectin decreasing risk alleles on metabolic traits and diseases using consortia-level meta-analytic data. This risk score was associated with increased risk of T2D (p = 4.3×10(-3), n = 22,044), increased triglycerides (p = 2.6×10(-14), n = 93,440), increased waist-to-hip ratio (p = 1.8×10(-5), n = 77,167), increased glucose two hours post oral glucose tolerance testing (p = 4.4×10(-3), n = 15,234), increased fasting insulin (p = 0.015, n = 48,238), but with lower in HDL-cholesterol concentrations (p = 4.5×10(-13), n = 96,748) and decreased BMI (p = 1.4×10(-4), n = 121,335). These findings identify novel genetic determinants of adiponectin levels, which, taken together, influence risk of T2D and markers of insulin resistance.
456 citations
••
TL;DR: Supplemental oxygen therapy in patients with ST-elevation–myocardial infarction but without hypoxia may increase early myocardial injury and was associated with larger myocardia infarct size assessed at 6 months.
Abstract: Background—Oxygen is commonly administered to patients with ST-elevation–myocardial infarction despite previous studies suggesting a possible increase in myocardial injury as a result of coronary vasoconstriction and heightened oxidative stress. Methods and Results—We conducted a multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled trial comparing oxygen (8 L/min) with no supplemental oxygen in patients with ST-elevation–myocardial infarction diagnosed on paramedic 12-lead ECG. Of 638 patients randomized, 441 patients had confirmed ST-elevation–myocardial infarction and underwent primary end-point analysis. The primary end point was myocardial infarct size as assessed by cardiac enzymes, troponin I, and creatine kinase. Secondary end points included recurrent myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmia, and myocardial infarct size assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging at 6 months. Mean peak troponin was similar in the oxygen and no oxygen groups (57.4 versus 48.0 μg/L; ratio, 1.20; 95% confidence inter...
456 citations
••
TL;DR: The objective is to investigate the in vitro antifungal activity of the components of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil to find out if it acts as a ‘spatially aggregating agent’ or ‘neutralizer’ to fungi.
Abstract: K . A . H A M M E R , C . F . C A R S O N A N D T . V . R I L E Y . 2003. Aims: To investigate the in vitro antifungal activity of the components of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil. Methods and Results: Activity was investigated by broth microdilution and macrodilution, and time kill methods. Components showing the most activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum fungicidal concentrations of £0AE25%, were terpinen-4-ol, a-terpineol, linalool, a-pinene and b-pinene, followed by 1,8-cineole. The remaining components showed slightly less activity and had values ranging from 0AE5 to 2%, with the exception of b-myrcene which showed no detectable activity. Susceptibility data generated for several of the least watersoluble components were two or more dilutions lower by macrodilution, compared with microdilution. Conclusions: All tea tree oil components, except b-myrcene, had antifungal activity. The lack of activity reported for some components by microdilution may be due to these components becoming absorbed into the polystyrene of the microtitre tray. This indicates that plastics are unsuitable as assay vessels for tests with these or similar components. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study has identified that most components of tea tree oil have activity against a range of fungi. However, the measurement of antifungal activity may be significantly influenced by the test method.
456 citations
••
TL;DR: Cutting maneuvers performed without adequate planning may increase the risk of noncontact knee ligament injury due to the increased external varus/valgus and internal/external rotation moments applied to the knee.
Abstract: BESIER, T F, D G LLOYD, T R ACKLAND, and J L COCHRANE Anticipatory effects on knee joint loading during running and cutting maneuvers Med Sci Sports Exerc, Vol 33, No 7, 2001, pp 1176–1181PurposeTo determine how unanticipated performance of cutting maneuvers in sport affects the ext
455 citations
Authors
Showing all 29972 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Nicholas G. Martin | 192 | 1770 | 161952 |
Cornelia M. van Duijn | 183 | 1030 | 146009 |
Kay-Tee Khaw | 174 | 1389 | 138782 |
Steven N. Blair | 165 | 879 | 132929 |
David W. Bates | 159 | 1239 | 116698 |
Mark E. Cooper | 158 | 1463 | 124887 |
David Cameron | 154 | 1586 | 126067 |
Stephen T. Holgate | 142 | 870 | 82345 |
Jeremy K. Nicholson | 141 | 773 | 80275 |
Xin Chen | 139 | 1008 | 113088 |
Graeme J. Hankey | 137 | 844 | 143373 |
David Stuart | 136 | 1665 | 103759 |
Joachim Heinrich | 136 | 1309 | 76887 |
Carlos M. Duarte | 132 | 1173 | 86672 |
David Smith | 129 | 2184 | 100917 |