Urban Institute

About: Urban Institute is a nonprofit organization based out in Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Medicaid & Population. The organization has 927 authors who have published 2330 publications receiving 86426 citations.

Adolescents' reports of reproductive health education, 1988 and 1995.

Abstract: Formal reproductive health education and communication with parents about reproductive health among males aged 15-19 were analyzed using data from the 1988 and 1995 National Surveys of Adolescent Males. Young mens reports of formal instruction were compared with reports by adolescent females from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. Between 1988 and 1995 formal reproductive health education became nearly universal among adolescent males: in 1988 93% of teenage males received some formal instruction compared with 98% in 1995. The percentage of teenage males who received instruction about AIDS increased from 73% to 97% and the proportion who received instruction about how to say no to sex increased from 58% to 75%. Adolescent males who had dropped out of school received significantly less reproductive health education than those who had stayed in school however. In addition the median age at initial instruction decreased from 14 to 13 years. Many males did not receive instruction prior to first intercourse with non-Hispanic blacks being significantly less likely than other males to receive education prior to first intercourse. In 1995 54% of Black males had received reproductive health education before they first had sex compared with 68% of Hispanic males and 76% of non-Hispanic White males. A smaller share of adolescent males than females received reproductive health education and males were less likely than females to receive instruction prior to first intercourse. During the last decade many types of formal reproductive health education for adolescents expanded. Further efforts should focus on assuring access to timely comprehensive and high-quality reproductive health education for all teenagers and reducing gaps in access related to race gender and school attendance. (authors)

Current practices in allocation of fundraising expenditures

Abstract: Much of what donors and regulators know about nonprofit organizations comes from public financial statements. Do charities track and report their expenses correctly?

No Fault for Medical Injury: Theory and Evidence

Abstract: This article comprehensively assessed the only two operational medical no-fault programs in the U.S., Virginia and Florida's late 1980s compensation programs for children with severe, birth-related neurological injuries. It relied upon literature review; surveys of program administrators, affected parties, and observers; as well as information from Florida's unusual census of all closed malpractice claims, national liability premiums, and other data bases. No fault was found to keep liability coverage affordable, to raise funding for compensation, to lower overhead cost, to speed claims resolution, and to achieve similar physician and claimant satisfaction as the tort system. On the negative side, the programs were very small, even for their narrowly defined eligibility, so no fault was too small to broadly improve compensation or deterrence, while the survival of tort for uncovered obstetrical injuries continued to encourage physician defensiveness, also likely inhibiting them from referring injuries to no fault, lest they wind up in court instead. Better understanding of these details should allow no-fault proponents to achieve improvements, but achieving political feasibility remains a daunting challenge. (University of Cincinnati Law Review 1998 Fall; 67(1): 53-123).

Structuring Payment For Medical Homes

Abstract: Despite widespread interest in the medical home model, there has been a lack of careful assessment of alternative methods to pay practices that serve as medical homes. This paper examines four specific payment approaches: enhanced fee-for-service payments for evaluation and management; additional codes for medical home activities within fee-for-service payments; per patient per month medical home payments to augment fee-for-service visit payments; and risk-adjusted, comprehensive per patient per month payments. Payment policies selected will affect both the adoption of the model and its longer-term evaluation. Evaluations of ongoing demonstrations should focus on payment design as well as on care—and cost.