Showing papers in "Peptides in 1999"

TL;DR: It is shown that the transport rate of leptin across the blood-brain barrier is reduced about 2/3 in 12-month-old obese CD-1 mice, suggesting a new model for obesity in which a defect in the BBB transport of leptin into the CNS underlies the insensitivity to leptin and leads to obesity.

TL;DR: Results demonstrate a circadian variation in feeding responses to orexin-A and an 8-day intracerebroventricular infusion with orexIn-A increased daytime feeding on days 2 and 8, but nocturnal feeding was reduced and there was no change in 24 h intake.

TL;DR: The salt-induced peptide formation reaction in connection with adsorption processes on clay minerals would appear to be the simplest and most universal mechanism known to date for chemical peptide evolution.

TL;DR: In situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry showed that Drosophila NPF was expressed in the brain and midgut of fly larvae and adults, and can be processed into an amidated NPF with 36 residues that is related to invertebrate NPF's and the neuropeptide Y family of vertebrates.

TL;DR: Orexin cells are strategically sited to contribute to feeding regulation, but their widespread projections suggest that orexins have other physiological roles.

TL;DR: The development of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) agonists and antagonists and the principles of their clinical use were reviewed and targeted cytotoxic analogs of LH-RH that can be targeted to LH- RH receptors on tumors have been synthesized and successfully tested in experimental cancer models.

TL;DR: The results indicate that the short form of the leptin receptor is involved in the transport of leptin across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in rats.

TL;DR: A novel opioid peptide neocasomorphin-6 (Tyr- pro-Val-Glu-Pro-Phe), which was released by action of trypsin or pepsin and chymotrypsin and their opioid activities were measured.

TL;DR: The structures, distributions and actions of TRPs in various invertebrates are compared and it is concluded that the TRPs are multifunctional peptides with targets both in the central and peripheral nervous system and other tissues, similar to vertebrate tachykinins.

TL;DR: Neural messengers affect Drosophila heart rate.

TL;DR: In this organ, AST and LMS have at least two distinct physiological effects, and Dippu-AST is also able to inhibit proctolin-induced contractions of midgut muscle, and this action had already been described for LMS.

TL;DR: It is suggested that mPP modulates food intake and the Y4 receptor in the brain may contribute to the regulation of feeding, whereas appearing not to influence anxiety in mice.

TL;DR: The potentiation of BK-induced vasodilation by Ang-(1-7) is a receptor-mediated phenomenon dependent on cyclooxygenase-related products and NO release.

TL;DR: The results indicate that the degree of inhibition of the tested drugs upon the parameters studied do not match, suggesting that differences in these effects may certainly interfere with their efficacy.

TL;DR: Investigation of the effect of halogenation on stability, lipophilicity, and in vitro blood-brain barrier permeability of a novel enkephalin analog DPLPE-Phe foundpara-bromo and para-chloro halogen additions significantly enhanced in vitroBlood-brain Barrier permeability, providing evidence for improved delivery to the central nervous system.

TL;DR: The concept that nitric oxide may play a role as a mediator of the effects of NPY and leptin on food intake, and alterations of NOS in brown adipose tissue following leptin administration, is supported.

TL;DR: Results indicate that the potency of the CCK satiety-signaling system increases during estrus, and devazepide increased spontaneous food intake and meal size duringEstrus, but not during diestrus.

TL;DR: It is concluded that oral fructose (75 g) stimulates GLP-1 (and insulin) secretion, but the response is less than that to 75 g glucose, which suggests that neither GLp-1 nor insulin play a major role in the regulation of satiation.

TL;DR: Results suggest that Xenopus orexin-B might be a useful pharmacological tool as an OX2R selective high-affinity agonist in submammalian chordates.

TL;DR: The occurrence of tuftsin and retro-tuftsin sequences in proteins, their synthesis and biology, the antigenic properties of tuFTsin, its influence on phagocytic cells, and other biologic activities of Tuftsin, including antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor and central effects are presented.

TL;DR: It is shown that 125I-EGF crosses the BBB rapidly, with an influx rate of about 2 microl/g x min, much faster than that for neurotrophins, cytokines, and most other bioactive peptides tested.

TL;DR: These crayfish allatostatin-like peptides are the first native crustacean peptides with demonstrated inhibitory actions on hindgut muscles and the pyloric rhythm of the stomatogastric ganglion.

TL;DR: This paper is the twenty-first installment of the annual review of research concerning the opiate system, and summarizes papers published during 1998 that studied the behavioral effects of the opiates peptides and antagonists, excluding the purely analgesic effects, although stress-induced analgesia is included.

TL;DR: The precursors of all these cockroach species are similar in size, and the organization of the ASTs that they contain (there are 13 or 14 depending on the species) have been conserved.

TL;DR: From results, it seems that MCH modulates memory early after training by acting on both the amygdala and hippocampus and, 4 h after training, on the hippocampus.

TL;DR: The diuretic activity of muscakinin is more than double that of a previously identified CRF-related diuretics peptide (Musca-DP) from the housefly, and the two peptides act synergistically in stimulating fluid secretion.

TL;DR: The gonadotropic action of a NPF-like peptide on oocyte growth implies a complex regulation of oogenesis in the locust and adds to the knowledge of insect neuroendocrinology in general.

TL;DR: An allatotropin-immunoreactive peptide is produced by several neuroendocrince cells in the abdominal ganglia of the mosquito Aedes aegypti and a cDNA clone encoding this novel neuropeptide was shown to encode a single copy of this peptide.

TL;DR: For example, the most abundant neuropeptide known in platyhelminths is the pancreatic polypeptides-like peptide F, whereas in nematodes, FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs) are also present as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: Results suggest that a phasic potentiation of the endogenous CCK satiety-signalling system is part of the mechanism for the decrease in meal size in female rats during estrus.