Journal ArticleDOI
A small jab – a big effect: nonspecific immunomodulation by vaccines
TLDR
New research suggests that the nonspecific effects of vaccines are related to cross-reactivity of the adaptive immune system with unrelated pathogens, and to training of the innate immune system through epigenetic reprogramming.About:
This article is published in Trends in Immunology.The article was published on 2013-09-01. It has received 406 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Acquired immune system & Immune system.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Trained Immunity: An Ancient Way of Remembering
TL;DR: The growing body of evidence that innate immunity has an important capacity to adapt, a de facto innate immune memory (also termed trained immunity), and this provides broad protection against infections is reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Will children reveal their secret? The coronavirus dilemma.
Luca Cristiani,Enrica Mancino,Luigi Matera,Raffaella Nenna,Alessandra Pierangeli,Carolina Scagnolari,Fabio Midulla +6 more
TL;DR: Empirical evidence shows that SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is less frequent and severe than adults, and age-related ACE2 receptor expression, lymphocyte count and trained immunity might be the keystone to reveal children's secret.
Journal ArticleDOI
Trained innate immunity as underlying mechanism for the long-term, nonspecific effects of vaccines
TL;DR: The mechanisms of trained immunity responsible for the long‐lasting effects of vaccines on the innate immune system, including BCG, measles vaccination, and other whole‐microorganism vaccines are presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Immunobiography and the Heterogeneity of Immune Responses in the Elderly: A Focus on Inflammaging and Trained Immunity
Claudio Franceschi,Stefano Salvioli,Paolo Garagnani,Magda de Eguileor,Daniela Monti,Miriam Capri +5 more
TL;DR: In this review, immunobiography emerges as a pervasive and comprehensive concept that could help in understanding and interpret the individual heterogeneity of immune responses (to infections and vaccinations) that becomes particularly evident at old age and could affect immunosenescence and inflammaging.
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Trained Immunity-Based Vaccines: A New Paradigm for the Development of Broad-Spectrum Anti-infectious Formulations.
Silvia Sánchez-Ramón,Laura Conejero,Mihai G. Netea,David Sancho,Oscar Palomares,José Luis Subiza +5 more
TL;DR: The TIbV concept may be used for the development of vaccines focused to promote host resistance against a wide spectrum of pathogens, and may apply to increase immunogenicity of novel vaccine design approaches based on small molecules, like those achieved by reverse vaccinology.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Pathogen Recognition and Innate Immunity
TL;DR: New insights into innate immunity are changing the way the way the authors think about pathogenesis and the treatment of infectious diseases, allergy, and autoimmunity.
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Systemic acquired resistance
W.E. Durrant,Xinnian Dong +1 more
TL;DR: A model describing the sequence of events leading from initial infection to the induction of defense genes is presented and exciting new data suggest that the mobile signal for SAR might be a lipid molecule.
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How to Grow a Mind: Statistics, Structure, and Abstraction
TL;DR: This review describes recent approaches to reverse-engineering human learning and cognitive development and, in parallel, engineering more humanlike machine learning systems.
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Adaptive immune features of natural killer cells
TL;DR: A mouse model of cytomegalovirus infection is used to show that, like T cells, NK cells bearing the virus-specific Ly49H receptor proliferate 100-fold in the spleen and 1,000- fold in the liver after infection.
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Bacille Calmette-Guérin induces NOD2-dependent nonspecific protection from reinfection via epigenetic reprogramming of monocytes
Johanneke Kleinnijenhuis,Jessica Quintin,Frank Preijers,Leo A. B. Joosten,Daniela C. Ifrim,Sadia Saeed,Cor Jacobs,Joke van Loenhout,Dirk J. de Jong,Hendrik G. Stunnenberg,Ramnik J. Xavier,Ramnik J. Xavier,Jos W. M. van der Meer,Reinout van Crevel,Mihai G. Netea +14 more
TL;DR: It is shown that bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination in healthy volunteers led to a four- to sevenfold increase in the production of IFN-γ, but also to a twofold enhanced release of monocyte-derived cytokines, such as TNF and IL-1β, in response to unrelated bacterial and fungal pathogens.