Journal ArticleDOI
A small jab – a big effect: nonspecific immunomodulation by vaccines
TLDR
New research suggests that the nonspecific effects of vaccines are related to cross-reactivity of the adaptive immune system with unrelated pathogens, and to training of the innate immune system through epigenetic reprogramming.About:
This article is published in Trends in Immunology.The article was published on 2013-09-01. It has received 406 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Acquired immune system & Immune system.read more
Citations
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Impact of BCG revaccination on the response to unrelated vaccines in a Ugandan adolescent birth cohort: randomised controlled trial protocol C for the 'POPulation differences in VACcine responses' (POPVAC) programme
Ludoviko Zirimenya,Gyaviira Nkurunungi,Jacent Nassuuna,Agnes Natukunda,Alex Mutebe,Gloria Oduru,Grace Kabami,Hellen Akurut,Caroline Onen,Milly Namutebi,Joel Serubanja,Esther Nakazibwe,Florence Akello,Josephine Tumusiime,Moses Sewankambo,Samuel Kiwanuka,Fred Kiwudhu,Robert Kizindo,Moses Kizza,Anne Wajja,Stephen Cose,Moses Muwanga,Emily L. Webb,Alison M. Elliott,Popvac trial team +24 more
TL;DR: In this article, a randomised controlled trial of BCG versus no BCG immunization was conducted to determine the effect on subsequent unrelated vaccines, among 300 adolescents (aged 13-17 years) from a Ugandan birth cohort.
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Beyond adaptive immunity: induction of trained immunity by COVID-19 adenoviral vaccines
TL;DR: Murphy et al. as mentioned in this paper showed that the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against COVID-19 has had a crucial role in the fight against the pandemic.
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Nonspecific Effects of Infant Vaccines Make Children More Resistant to SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Luis Fonte,Maria Ginori,Gissel García,Yisel Blanco Hernández,Yaxsier de Armas,Enrique J. Calderón +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors explored an additional factor, still little addressed in the medical literature related to the matter: nonspecific resistance to SARS-CoV-2 that could be generated by vaccines administered during childhood.
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Why Has the Number of Child Deaths Halved Since 1990
TL;DR: The finding from Guinea-Bissau that a single measles immunization campaign reduced mortality by 20 is supported, and the fact that the reduction in nonmeasles mortality is greater after the second or subsequent doses supports the World Health Organization policy of a 2-dose measles vaccination strategy and suggests that even more doses may be beneficial.
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Antimicrobial immunotherapeutics: past, present and future.
TL;DR: In this age of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), there is an urgent need for novel antimicrobials as discussed by the authors, and one area of recent interest is in developing antimicrobial effector molecules, and even cell-based therapies, based on those of the immune system.
References
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Pathogen Recognition and Innate Immunity
TL;DR: New insights into innate immunity are changing the way the way the authors think about pathogenesis and the treatment of infectious diseases, allergy, and autoimmunity.
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Systemic acquired resistance
W.E. Durrant,Xinnian Dong +1 more
TL;DR: A model describing the sequence of events leading from initial infection to the induction of defense genes is presented and exciting new data suggest that the mobile signal for SAR might be a lipid molecule.
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How to Grow a Mind: Statistics, Structure, and Abstraction
TL;DR: This review describes recent approaches to reverse-engineering human learning and cognitive development and, in parallel, engineering more humanlike machine learning systems.
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Adaptive immune features of natural killer cells
TL;DR: A mouse model of cytomegalovirus infection is used to show that, like T cells, NK cells bearing the virus-specific Ly49H receptor proliferate 100-fold in the spleen and 1,000- fold in the liver after infection.
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Bacille Calmette-Guérin induces NOD2-dependent nonspecific protection from reinfection via epigenetic reprogramming of monocytes
Johanneke Kleinnijenhuis,Jessica Quintin,Frank Preijers,Leo A. B. Joosten,Daniela C. Ifrim,Sadia Saeed,Cor Jacobs,Joke van Loenhout,Dirk J. de Jong,Hendrik G. Stunnenberg,Ramnik J. Xavier,Ramnik J. Xavier,Jos W. M. van der Meer,Reinout van Crevel,Mihai G. Netea +14 more
TL;DR: It is shown that bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination in healthy volunteers led to a four- to sevenfold increase in the production of IFN-γ, but also to a twofold enhanced release of monocyte-derived cytokines, such as TNF and IL-1β, in response to unrelated bacterial and fungal pathogens.