Journal ArticleDOI
A small jab – a big effect: nonspecific immunomodulation by vaccines
TLDR
New research suggests that the nonspecific effects of vaccines are related to cross-reactivity of the adaptive immune system with unrelated pathogens, and to training of the innate immune system through epigenetic reprogramming.About:
This article is published in Trends in Immunology.The article was published on 2013-09-01. It has received 406 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Acquired immune system & Immune system.read more
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SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: Potential refinements through induction of mucosal and trained immunity
TL;DR: The authors’ comprehension of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 should pave the way for the vaccine’s refinement, and there are chances that COVID-19 vaccines will have to be further improved.
Journal ArticleDOI
코로나바이러스감염증-19: 소아청소년의 임상 경과가 성인에 비하여 양호한 이유
TL;DR: Even though children tend to have mild forms of COVID-19, this does not mean that it should be regarded as a matter of importance, and the effects of comorbidities and risk factors should be considered.
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Non-specific effects of rabies vaccine on the incidence of self-reported common infectious disease episodes: A randomized controlled trial
Christianah Ibironke Odita,Anne Conan,Anne Conan,Marshalette Smith-Antony,Juliet Battice,Shianne England,Donna Barry,Bradford D. Gessner,Darryn L. Knobel +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of a primary course of rabies vaccine on the incidence rate of weekly self-reported new episodes of common infectious disease (CID) syndromes, defined as a new episode of any one of the following syndrome in a particular week: upper respiratory illness (URI), influenza-like illness (ILI), diarrheal illness (DIA), or undifferentiated febrile illness (UFI).
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BCG Modulates Neonatal Innate Immune Cytokine Production
TL;DR: It is identified that neonatal administration of BCG can induce an altered cytokine response in LBW newborns of GuineaBissau, and it is concluded that a BCG-mediated “accelerated development of the neonatal innate immune system” may be partially responsible for the comprehensive protection against infectious mortality they had previously noted following neonatal BCG vaccination.
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Association between season of vaccination and antibody levels against infectious diseases
TL;DR: Season of vaccination showed little association with immunological protection, however, a number of associations were seen with a P-value of about 0.03; and adding data from a just-completed nationwide serological study might add more power to the current study.
References
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Pathogen Recognition and Innate Immunity
TL;DR: New insights into innate immunity are changing the way the way the authors think about pathogenesis and the treatment of infectious diseases, allergy, and autoimmunity.
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Systemic acquired resistance
W.E. Durrant,Xinnian Dong +1 more
TL;DR: A model describing the sequence of events leading from initial infection to the induction of defense genes is presented and exciting new data suggest that the mobile signal for SAR might be a lipid molecule.
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How to Grow a Mind: Statistics, Structure, and Abstraction
TL;DR: This review describes recent approaches to reverse-engineering human learning and cognitive development and, in parallel, engineering more humanlike machine learning systems.
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Adaptive immune features of natural killer cells
TL;DR: A mouse model of cytomegalovirus infection is used to show that, like T cells, NK cells bearing the virus-specific Ly49H receptor proliferate 100-fold in the spleen and 1,000- fold in the liver after infection.
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Bacille Calmette-Guérin induces NOD2-dependent nonspecific protection from reinfection via epigenetic reprogramming of monocytes
Johanneke Kleinnijenhuis,Jessica Quintin,Frank Preijers,Leo A. B. Joosten,Daniela C. Ifrim,Sadia Saeed,Cor Jacobs,Joke van Loenhout,Dirk J. de Jong,Hendrik G. Stunnenberg,Ramnik J. Xavier,Ramnik J. Xavier,Jos W. M. van der Meer,Reinout van Crevel,Mihai G. Netea +14 more
TL;DR: It is shown that bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination in healthy volunteers led to a four- to sevenfold increase in the production of IFN-γ, but also to a twofold enhanced release of monocyte-derived cytokines, such as TNF and IL-1β, in response to unrelated bacterial and fungal pathogens.