Open Access
A sustainable food system for the European Union
Peter Jackson,Jeroen J. L. Candel,Anna Davies,Hugo de Vries,Cristiane Derani,Verica Dragović-Uzelac,Alf Håkon Hoel,Lotte Holm,Piergiuseppe Morone,Marianne Penker,Marta Guadalupe Rivera Ferre,Ruta Śpiewak,Catrien J.A.M. Termeer,John Thøgersen,Erik Mathijs +14 more
TLDR
In this paper, the authors lay out the science on how to ensure future food security without treating people unfairly or leaving them behind, and the evidence shows that this kind of behaviour change needs to happen collectively, not just individually.Abstract:
Food lies at the heart of our lives. It is vital for our survival, and links us to our natural and social environment in a unique way. But our food system is unsustainable. How can we ensure future food security without treating people unfairly or leaving them behind? Food systems have complex social, economic and ecological components, and radical transformation is needed to make them sustainable. This report from SAPEA lays out the science on how that transition can happen in an inclusive, just and timely way. he global demand for food will increase in the future. To meet this demand, it is not enough simply to increase productivity in a sustainable way. We also need to change from linear mass consumption to a more circular economy — which will mean changing our norms, habits and routines. The evidence shows that this kind of behaviour change needs to happen collectively, not just individually. So we need joined-up governance at local, national and international levels. Food systems also contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. This can be addressed by reducing waste or directing it back into the supply chain. A mix of different measures will be most effective. The evidence shows that taxation is one of the most effective ways to modify behaviour. Accreditation and labelling schemes can also have an impact. Meanwhile, reform of European agriculture and fisheries policies offer great opportunities to develop resilience and sustainability. But there is not yet enough evidence to know for sure exactly what works in practice, so the steps we take should be carefully evaluated, and trade-offs anticipated.read more
Citations
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Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth, and Happiness
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A Consumers' Republic: The Politics of Mass Consumption in Postwar America
TL;DR: A Consumers' Republic (Cohen 2003) is an overview of the political and social impact of mass consumption on the United States from the 1920s to the present day as mentioned in this paper.
The genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes
Christian Fuchsberger,Jason Flannick,Tanya M. Teslovich,Anubha Mahajan,Vineeta Agarwala,Kyle J. Gaulton,Clement Ma,Pierre Fontanillas,Loukas Moutsianas,Davis J. McCarthy,Manuel A. Rivas,John R. B. Perry,Xueling Sim,Thomas W. Blackwell,Neil Robertson,N. William Rayner,Pablo Cingolani,Adam E. Locke,Juan Fernandez Tajes,Heather M. Highland,Josée Dupuis,Peter S. Chines,Cecilia M. Lindgren,Christopher Hartl,Anne U. Jackson,Han Chen,Jeroen R. Huyghe,Martijn van de Bunt,Richard D. Pearson,Ashok Kumar,Martina Mueller-Nurasyid,Niels Grarup,Heather M. Stringham,Eric R. Gamazon,Jae-Hoon Lee,Yi Chen,Robert A. Scott,Jennifer E. Below,Peng Chen,Jinyan Huang,Min Jin Go,Michael L. Stitzel,Dorota Pasko,Stephen C. J. Parker,Tibor V. Varga,Todd Green,Nicola L. Beer,Aaron G. Day-Williams,Teresa Ferreira,Tasha E. Fingerlin,Momoko Horikoshi,Cheng Hu,Iksoo Huh,Mohammad Kamran Ikram,Bong-Jo Kim,Yongkang Kim,Young-Jin Kim,Min-Seok Kwon,Juyoung Lee,Selyeong Lee,Keng-Han Lin,Taylor J. Maxwell,Yoshihiko Nagai,Xu Wang,Ryan P. Welch,Joon Yoon,Weihua Zhang,Nir Barzilai,Benjamin F. Voight,Bok-Ghee Han,Christopher P. Jenkinson,Teemu Kuulasmaa,Johanna Kuusisto,Alisa K. Manning,Maggie C.Y. Ng,Nicholette D. Palmer,Beverley Balkau,Alena Stančáková,Hanna E. Abboud,Heiner Boeing,Vilmantas Giedraitis,Dorairaj Prabhakaran,Omri Gottesman,James Scott,Jason Carey,Phoenix Kwan,George B. Grant,Joshua D. Smith,Benjamin M. Neale,Shaun Purcell,Adam S. Butterworth,Joanna M. M. Howson,Heung Man Lee,Yingchang Lu,Soo Heon Kwak,Wei Zhao,John Danesh,Vincent K. L. Lam,Kyong Soo Park,Danish Saleheen,Wing-Yee So,Claudia H. T. Tam,Uzma Afzal,David Aguilar,Rector Arya,Tin Aung,Edmund Chan,Carmen Navarro,Ching-Yu Cheng,Domenico Palli,Adolfo Correa,Joanne E. Curran,Denis Rybin,Vidya S. Farook,Sharon P. Fowler,Barry I. Freedman,Michael Griswold,Daniel E. Hale,Pamela J. Hicks,Chiea Chuen Khor,Satish Kumar,Benjamin Lehne,Dorothée Thuillier,Wei-Yen Lim,Jianjun Liu,Yvonne T. van der Schouw,Marie Loh,Solomon K. Musani,Sobha Puppala,William R. Scott,Loic Yengo,Sian-Tsung Tan,Herman A. Taylor,Farook Thameem,Gregory P. Wilson,Tien Yin Wong,Pål R. Njølstad,Jonathan C. Levy,Massimo Mangino,Lori L. Bonnycastle,Thomas Schwarzmayr,João Fadista,Gabriela L. Surdulescu,Christian Herder,Christopher J. Groves,Thomas Wieland,Jette Bork-Jensen,Ivan Brandslund,Cramer Christensen,Heikki A. Koistinen,Alex S. F. Doney,Leena Kinnunen,Tõnu Esko,Andrew Farmer,Liisa Hakaste,Dylan Hodgkiss,Jasmina Kravic,Valeriya Lyssenko,Mette Hollensted,Marit E. Jørgensen,Torben Jørgensen,Claes Ladenvall,Johanne Marie Justesen,Annemari Käräjämäki,Jennifer Kriebel,Wolfgang Rathmann,Lars Lannfelt,Torsten Lauritzen,Narisu Narisu,Allan Linneberg,Olle Melander,Lili Milani,Matt Neville,Marju Orho-Melander,Lu Qi,Qibin Qi,Michael Roden,Olov Rolandsson,Amy J. Swift,Anders Rosengren,Kathleen Stirrups,Andrew R. Wood,Evelin Mihailov,Christine Blancher,Mauricio O. Carneiro,Jared Maguire,Ryan Poplin,Khalid Shakir,Timothy R. Fennell,Mark A. DePristo,Martin Hrabé de Angelis,Panos Deloukas,Anette P. Gjesing,Goo Jun,Peter M. Nilsson,Jacquelyn Murphy,Robert C. Onofrio,Barbara Thorand,Torben Hansen,Christa Meisinger,Frank B. Hu,Bo Isomaa,Fredrik Karpe,Liming Liang,Annette Peters,Cornelia Huth,Stephen O'Rahilly,Colin N. A. Palmer,Oluf Pedersen,Rainer Rauramaa,Jaakko Tuomilehto,Veikko Salomaa,Richard M. Watanabe,Ann-Christine Syvänen,Richard N. Bergman,Dwaipayan Bharadwaj,Erwin P. Bottinger,Yoon Shin Cho,Giriraj R. Chandak,Juliana C.N. Chan,Kee Seng Chia,Mark J. Daly,Shah Ebrahim,Claudia Langenberg,Paul Elliott,Kathleen A. Jablonski,Donna M. Lehman,Weiping Jia,Ronald C.W. Ma,Toni I. Pollin,Manjinder S. Sandhu,Nikhil Tandon,Philippe Froguel,Inês Barroso,Yik Ying Teo,Eleftheria Zeggini,Ruth J. F. Loos,Kerrin S. Small,Janina S. Ried,Ralph A. DeFronzo,Harald Grallert,Benjamin Glaser,Andres Metspalu,Nicholas J. Wareham,Mark Walker,Eric Banks,Christian Gieger,Erik Ingelsson,Hae Kyung Im,Thomas Illig,Paul W. Franks,Gemma Buck,Joseph Trakalo,David Buck,Inga Prokopenko,Reedik Mägi,Lars Lind,Yossi Farjoun,Katharine R. Owen,Anna L. Gloyn,Konstantin Strauch,Tiinamaija Tuomi,Jaspal S. Kooner,Jong-Young Lee,Taesung Park,Peter Donnelly,Andrew D. Morris,Andrew T. Hattersley,Donald W. Bowden,Francis S. Collins,Gil Atzmon,John C. Chambers,Tim D. Spector,Markku Laakso,Tim M. Strom,Graeme I. Bell,John Blangero,Ravindranath Duggirala,E. Shyong Tai,Gilean McVean,Craig L. Hanis,James G. Wilson,Mark Seielstad,Timothy M. Frayling,James B. Meigs,Nancy J. Cox,Robert Sladek,Eric S. Lander,Stacey Gabriel,Noël P. Burtt,Karen L. Mohlke,Thomas Meitinger,Leif Groop,Gonçalo R. Abecasis,Jose C. Florez,Laura J. Scott,Andrew P. Morris,Hyun Min Kang,Michael Boehnke,David Altshuler,Mark I. McCarthy +300 more
TL;DR: Large-scale sequencing does not support the idea that lower-frequency variants have a major role in predisposition to type 2 diabetes, but most fell within regions previously identified by genome-wide association studies.
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