Journal ArticleDOI
Back-Translation for Cross-Cultural Research
TLDR
The authors investigated factors that affect translation quality and how equivalence between source and target versions can be evaluated through an analysis of variance design, and concluded that translation quality can be predicted, and that a functionally equivalent translation can be demonstrated when responses to the original and target translations are studied.Abstract:
Two aspects of translation were investigated: (1) factors that affect translation quality, and (2) how equivalence between source and target versions can be evaluated. The variables of language, content, and difficulty were studied through an analysis of variance design. Ninety-four bilinguals from the University of Guam, representing ten languages, translated or back-translated six essays incorporating three content areas and two levels of difficulty. The five criteria for equivalence were based on comparisons of meaning or predictions of similar responses to original or translated versions. The factors of content, difficulty, language and content-language interaction were significant, and the five equivalence criteria proved workable. Conclusions are that translation quality can be predicted, and that a functionally equivalent translation can be demonstrated when responses to the original and target versions are studied.read more
Citations
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Entrepreneurship: the missing ingredient in China's STIPs?
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the role of entrepreneurship in this activity by those engaged in it and found that China lags behind OECD countries in its R&D capability and the technology transfer rat...
Journal ArticleDOI
A Community-Participatory Approach to Adapting Survey Items for Deaf Individuals and American Sign Language
Patrick Graybill,Julia Aggas,Robyn K. Dean,Susan Demers,Elizabeth G. Finigan,Robert Q. Pollard +5 more
TL;DR: A linguistically and culturally accessible survey of health and health risks was recently developed for deaf individuals who use ASL, through adherence to the principles and practices of community-based participatory research (CBPR).
Journal ArticleDOI
Institutional Barriers to Growth: Entrepreneurship, Human Capital and Institutional Change
TL;DR: Institutional changes that reduce barriers to growth are identified as an important factor influencing the propensity of individuals to start a business and the extent of the reduction in barriers togrowth and the level of human capital of the individual.
Journal ArticleDOI
Construct validation of an Arabic version of the Learning Transfer System Inventory for use in Jordan
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used principal axis factoring with oblique rotation to uncover the underlying structure of the Arabic version of the Learning Transfer System Inventory (LTSI), which showed a latent factor structure that is highly consistent with the English version of LTSI.
Journal ArticleDOI
When Does Public Service Motivation Fuel the Job Satisfaction Fire? The Joint Moderation of Person–Organization Fit and Needs–Supplies Fit
TL;DR: Li et al. as mentioned in this paper found that public service motivation fuels the job satisfaction fire when both person-organization fit and needs-supplies fit are low, and that the relationship is moderated by the joint effects of person and organization fit.
References
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Book
Statistical Principles in Experimental Design
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce the principles of estimation and inference: means and variance, means and variations, and means and variance of estimators and inferors, and the analysis of factorial experiments having repeated measures on the same element.
Journal ArticleDOI
Statistical Principles in Experimental Design
TL;DR: This chapter discusses design and analysis of single-Factor Experiments: Completely Randomized Design and Factorial Experiments in which Some of the Interactions are Confounded.
Book
Toward a science of translating
TL;DR: Toward a Science of Translating as mentioned in this paper describes the major components of translating; setting the translating into the context of historical changes in principles and procedures over the last two centuries.
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