Journal ArticleDOI
Back-Translation for Cross-Cultural Research
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TLDR
The authors investigated factors that affect translation quality and how equivalence between source and target versions can be evaluated through an analysis of variance design, and concluded that translation quality can be predicted, and that a functionally equivalent translation can be demonstrated when responses to the original and target translations are studied.Abstract:
Two aspects of translation were investigated: (1) factors that affect translation quality, and (2) how equivalence between source and target versions can be evaluated. The variables of language, content, and difficulty were studied through an analysis of variance design. Ninety-four bilinguals from the University of Guam, representing ten languages, translated or back-translated six essays incorporating three content areas and two levels of difficulty. The five criteria for equivalence were based on comparisons of meaning or predictions of similar responses to original or translated versions. The factors of content, difficulty, language and content-language interaction were significant, and the five equivalence criteria proved workable. Conclusions are that translation quality can be predicted, and that a functionally equivalent translation can be demonstrated when responses to the original and target versions are studied.read more
Citations
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The role of social capital on proactive and reactive resilience of organizations post-disaster
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors developed a conceptual model that postulates three dimensions of social capital (cognitive, structural and relational) as antecedents of both proactive and reactive organizational resilience.
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The moderating role of perceived organizational support on the relationship between emotional labor and job-related outcomes
TL;DR: In this article, structural equation modeling analysis was used to investigate how emotional labor strategies (i.e. surface acting and deep acting) affect job performance through job satisfaction, and whether perceived organizational support (POS) moderates the relationship between emotional labour strategies and job-related outcomes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stimulating the Quasi-statistical Organ Fear of Social Isolation Motivates the Quest for Knowledge of the Opinion Climate
TL;DR: Study results support spiral of silence theory’s prediction—FSI does appear to motivate people to ascertain what the public thinks, however, there may be some cultural boundaries to this process.
Journal ArticleDOI
An International Comparison of Female and Male Students' Attitudes to the Use of Animals
Clive J. C. Phillips,Serdar Izmirli,Javid Aldavood,M. E. Alonso,Bi Choe,Alison Hanlon,Anastasija Handziska,Gudrun Illmann,Linda J. Keeling,Mark Kennedy,Gwi Hyang Lee,Vonne Lund,Cecilie Marie Mejdell,V.R. Pelagic,Therese Rehn +14 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that females have greater concern for animal welfare and rights than males, and that this is more likely to be expressed in countries where females are relatively empowered, suggesting that ‘emancipated female empathy’ operates across countries as well as at a local level.
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Expressive participation in Internet social movements: Testing the moderating effect of technology readiness and sex on student SNS use
TL;DR: It is confirmed that effort expectancy, social influence, and performance expectancy significantly affect students' intentions to use SNS for expressive participation in Internet social movements.
References
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Book
Statistical Principles in Experimental Design
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce the principles of estimation and inference: means and variance, means and variations, and means and variance of estimators and inferors, and the analysis of factorial experiments having repeated measures on the same element.
Journal ArticleDOI
Statistical Principles in Experimental Design
TL;DR: This chapter discusses design and analysis of single-Factor Experiments: Completely Randomized Design and Factorial Experiments in which Some of the Interactions are Confounded.
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Toward a science of translating
TL;DR: Toward a Science of Translating as mentioned in this paper describes the major components of translating; setting the translating into the context of historical changes in principles and procedures over the last two centuries.
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