Journal ArticleDOI
Back-Translation for Cross-Cultural Research
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TLDR
The authors investigated factors that affect translation quality and how equivalence between source and target versions can be evaluated through an analysis of variance design, and concluded that translation quality can be predicted, and that a functionally equivalent translation can be demonstrated when responses to the original and target translations are studied.Abstract:
Two aspects of translation were investigated: (1) factors that affect translation quality, and (2) how equivalence between source and target versions can be evaluated. The variables of language, content, and difficulty were studied through an analysis of variance design. Ninety-four bilinguals from the University of Guam, representing ten languages, translated or back-translated six essays incorporating three content areas and two levels of difficulty. The five criteria for equivalence were based on comparisons of meaning or predictions of similar responses to original or translated versions. The factors of content, difficulty, language and content-language interaction were significant, and the five equivalence criteria proved workable. Conclusions are that translation quality can be predicted, and that a functionally equivalent translation can be demonstrated when responses to the original and target versions are studied.read more
Citations
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The Impact of Size of Cooperative Group on Achievement, Social Support, and Self-Esteem
TL;DR: The results indicate that cooperative learning in pairs and 4s promoted higher achievement and greater academic support from peers than did individualistic learning and students working in pairs developed a higher level of social self-esteem.
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Knowledge withholding intentions in teams
TL;DR: This work investigates factors that influence team members' knowledge withholding intentions (KWI), and proposes that the social exchange relationships that individuals form in the workplace, their perceptions of justice, and their knowledge withholding self-efficacy would influence their knowledge-withholding intentions.
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Subcultures in Greater China: A Comparison of Managerial Values in the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan
TL;DR: Zhang et al. as mentioned in this paper found that managers in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the People's Republic of China are convergent in collectivism and uncertainty avoidance, while managers in the PRC demonstrated higher power distance and less concern about deadlines and plans than in managers Hong Kong and Taiwan.
Journal ArticleDOI
Psychometric properties of the child and parent versions of Spence children's anxiety scale in a Danish community and clinical sample.
TL;DR: Results indicated that SCAS and SCAS-P had good internal consistency on the total scale and all subscales, with exception of the subscale for fear of physical injury.
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Transformational leadership and safety performance among nurses: the mediating role of knowledge-related job characteristics
Ilse Lievens,Peter Vlerick +1 more
TL;DR: Head nurses' transformational leadership can enhance nurses' compliance with and participation in safety, and transformational head nurses are able to influence the perception that their nurses have about the kind and amount of knowledge in their job, which can lead to increases in both dimensions of nurses' safety performance.
References
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Book
Statistical Principles in Experimental Design
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce the principles of estimation and inference: means and variance, means and variations, and means and variance of estimators and inferors, and the analysis of factorial experiments having repeated measures on the same element.
Journal ArticleDOI
Statistical Principles in Experimental Design
TL;DR: This chapter discusses design and analysis of single-Factor Experiments: Completely Randomized Design and Factorial Experiments in which Some of the Interactions are Confounded.
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Toward a science of translating
TL;DR: Toward a Science of Translating as mentioned in this paper describes the major components of translating; setting the translating into the context of historical changes in principles and procedures over the last two centuries.
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