Journal ArticleDOI
Back-Translation for Cross-Cultural Research
TLDR
The authors investigated factors that affect translation quality and how equivalence between source and target versions can be evaluated through an analysis of variance design, and concluded that translation quality can be predicted, and that a functionally equivalent translation can be demonstrated when responses to the original and target translations are studied.Abstract:
Two aspects of translation were investigated: (1) factors that affect translation quality, and (2) how equivalence between source and target versions can be evaluated. The variables of language, content, and difficulty were studied through an analysis of variance design. Ninety-four bilinguals from the University of Guam, representing ten languages, translated or back-translated six essays incorporating three content areas and two levels of difficulty. The five criteria for equivalence were based on comparisons of meaning or predictions of similar responses to original or translated versions. The factors of content, difficulty, language and content-language interaction were significant, and the five equivalence criteria proved workable. Conclusions are that translation quality can be predicted, and that a functionally equivalent translation can be demonstrated when responses to the original and target versions are studied.read more
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Beyond entry mode choice: Explaining the conversion of joint ventures into wholly owned subsidiaries in the People's Republic of China
TL;DR: Using transaction cost economics and institutional theory, the authors identify a number of factors that may help to explain the likelihood of foreign firms converting their joint venture with a local firm into a wholly owned subsidiary.
Journal ArticleDOI
Understanding and Measuring Student Engagement in School: The Results of an International Study from 12 Countries.
Shui-fong Lam,Shane R. Jimerson,Bernard P. H. Wong,Eve Kikas,Hyeonsook Shin,Feliciano Henriques Veiga,Chryse Hatzichristou,Fotini Polychroni,Carmel Cefai,Valeria Negovan,Elena Stănculescu,Hongfei Yang,Yi Liu,Julie Basnett,Robert Duck,Peter Farrell,Brett D. Nelson,Josef Zollneritsch +17 more
TL;DR: The results support the use of this scale to measure student engagement as a metaconstruct and the significant correlations of the scale with instructional practices, teacher support, peer support, parent support, emotions, academic performance, and school conduct indicated good concurrent validity of the Scale.
Journal ArticleDOI
Catastrophic stress and factors affecting its consequences among Southeast Asian refugees
TL;DR: While refugees brought into the country under private sponsorship were expected to have a mental health advantage compared to those admitted under government sponsorship, this hypothesis was not confirmed and social support derived from the ethnic community and from an intact marriage moderated the risk of developing depressive symptoms.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Impact of Information Level on the Effectiveness of U.S. and Korean Television Commercials
TL;DR: In this paper, the effectiveness of television commercials with varied levels of information content (high vs. low) in the United States and the Republic of Korea was compared, and the U.S. subjects responded more favorably to commercials with high information levels than did the Korean subjects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparisons of American, Israeli, Italian and Mexican physicians and nurses on the total and factor scores of the Jefferson scale of attitudes toward physician–nurse collaborative relationships
Mohammadreza Hojat,Joseph S. Gonnella,Thomas J. Nasca,Sylvia K. Fields,Americo Cicchetti,Alessandra Lo Scalzo,Francesco Taroni,Anna Maria Vincenza Amicosante,Manuela M Macinati,Massimo Tangucci,Carlo Liva,Gualtiero Ricciardi,Schmuel Eidelman,Hanna Admi,Hana Geva,Tanya Mashiach,Gideon Alroy,Adelina Alcorta-Gonzalez,David Ibarra,Antonio Torres-Ruiz +19 more
TL;DR: Results showed inter- and intra-cultural similarities and differences among the study groups providing support for the social role theory and the principle of least interest in inter-professional relationships.
References
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Book
Statistical Principles in Experimental Design
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce the principles of estimation and inference: means and variance, means and variations, and means and variance of estimators and inferors, and the analysis of factorial experiments having repeated measures on the same element.
Journal ArticleDOI
Statistical Principles in Experimental Design
TL;DR: This chapter discusses design and analysis of single-Factor Experiments: Completely Randomized Design and Factorial Experiments in which Some of the Interactions are Confounded.
Book
Toward a science of translating
TL;DR: Toward a Science of Translating as mentioned in this paper describes the major components of translating; setting the translating into the context of historical changes in principles and procedures over the last two centuries.
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