Journal ArticleDOI
Back-Translation for Cross-Cultural Research
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TLDR
The authors investigated factors that affect translation quality and how equivalence between source and target versions can be evaluated through an analysis of variance design, and concluded that translation quality can be predicted, and that a functionally equivalent translation can be demonstrated when responses to the original and target translations are studied.Abstract:
Two aspects of translation were investigated: (1) factors that affect translation quality, and (2) how equivalence between source and target versions can be evaluated. The variables of language, content, and difficulty were studied through an analysis of variance design. Ninety-four bilinguals from the University of Guam, representing ten languages, translated or back-translated six essays incorporating three content areas and two levels of difficulty. The five criteria for equivalence were based on comparisons of meaning or predictions of similar responses to original or translated versions. The factors of content, difficulty, language and content-language interaction were significant, and the five equivalence criteria proved workable. Conclusions are that translation quality can be predicted, and that a functionally equivalent translation can be demonstrated when responses to the original and target versions are studied.read more
Citations
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Why and when workplace ostracism inhibits organizational citizenship behaviors: an organizational identification perspective
TL;DR: Zhang et al. as discussed by the authors proposed that workplace ostracism decreases citizenship behavior by undermining employees' identification with the organization and also theorize that perceived job mobility influences the extent to which employees identify with the organisation when being ostracized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bosnian Refugees and the Stressors of Exile: A Narrative Study
TL;DR: The authors used semistructured interviews to examine exile-related stressors affecting a sample of 28 adult Bosnian refugees in Chicago, covering life in prewar Bosnia, the journey of exile, and, most centrally, life in Chicago.
Journal ArticleDOI
Using Social Media and Targeted Snowball Sampling to Survey a Hard-to-reach Population: A Case Study
TL;DR: The case of a research study is presented which describes the data collection process used to survey a hard-to-reach population and the use of social media, in this case LinkedIn, to facilitate the distribution of the web-based survey.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy: preliminary psychometrics and group comparisons in Italian physicians.
Mariangela Di Lillo,Americo Cicchetti,Alessandra Lo Scalzo,Francesco Taroni,Mohammadreza Hojat +4 more
TL;DR: Findings generally provide support for the construct validity and reliability of the Italian version of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy, and more factors appeared among Italian physicians, indicating that the underlying construct of empathy may be more complex among Italians.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transformational offshore outsourcing: Empirical evidence from alliances in China
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship among the motive to acquire tacit knowledge from outsourcing partners, formal and social control mechanisms, and innovation outcomes among Sino-foreign as well as local alliances.
References
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Book
Statistical Principles in Experimental Design
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce the principles of estimation and inference: means and variance, means and variations, and means and variance of estimators and inferors, and the analysis of factorial experiments having repeated measures on the same element.
Journal ArticleDOI
Statistical Principles in Experimental Design
TL;DR: This chapter discusses design and analysis of single-Factor Experiments: Completely Randomized Design and Factorial Experiments in which Some of the Interactions are Confounded.
Book
Toward a science of translating
TL;DR: Toward a Science of Translating as mentioned in this paper describes the major components of translating; setting the translating into the context of historical changes in principles and procedures over the last two centuries.
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