Journal ArticleDOI
Back-Translation for Cross-Cultural Research
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The authors investigated factors that affect translation quality and how equivalence between source and target versions can be evaluated through an analysis of variance design, and concluded that translation quality can be predicted, and that a functionally equivalent translation can be demonstrated when responses to the original and target translations are studied.Abstract:
Two aspects of translation were investigated: (1) factors that affect translation quality, and (2) how equivalence between source and target versions can be evaluated. The variables of language, content, and difficulty were studied through an analysis of variance design. Ninety-four bilinguals from the University of Guam, representing ten languages, translated or back-translated six essays incorporating three content areas and two levels of difficulty. The five criteria for equivalence were based on comparisons of meaning or predictions of similar responses to original or translated versions. The factors of content, difficulty, language and content-language interaction were significant, and the five equivalence criteria proved workable. Conclusions are that translation quality can be predicted, and that a functionally equivalent translation can be demonstrated when responses to the original and target versions are studied.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Kuwait University Anxiety Scale: psychometric properties.
TL;DR: The Kuwait University Anxiety Scale was constructed to provide a research tool as well as a measure of predisposition to develop anxiety in general among adults and adolescents, demonstrating the scale's criterion-related and factorial validity.
Book ChapterDOI
The Intercultural Development Inventory: An Approach for Assessing and Building Intercultural Competence
Abstract: Consider the following situation. It was 9 months ago that Acme Pharmaceutical Company formally agreed to a limited partnership arrangement with JacaMarketing of Japan. The purpose of this partnership is to permit Acme to introduce a line of pharmaceutical products in Japan. Jaca is a well-respected and established marketing firm in Japan that knows the “ins and outs” of obtaining government approvals so that the medicines developed by Acme can be formally approved for sale to Japanese consumers. At the time of the signing of the agreements, both the president of Acme and the president of Jaca expressed their enthusiastic support for and confidence in the newly formed partnership. For Acme, Jaca represents an essential method of introducing pharmacological products into the Japanese arena. For Jaca, the opportunity to represent a large, U.S.-owned multinational corporation that wants to do
Journal ArticleDOI
Adherence and glycemic control among Hispanic youth with type 1 diabetes: role of family involvement and acculturation.
Olivia Hsin,Annette M. La Greca,Jessica M. Valenzuela,Cortney Taylor Moine,Alan M. Delamater +4 more
TL;DR: Family support for diabetes is important for adherence among Hispanic youth with T1D and research should examine aspects of recent immigration that contribute to better adherence and the impact of supportive interventions on diabetes care.
Journal ArticleDOI
First-generation Korean-American parents' perceptions of discipline.
Eunjung Kim,Seunghye Hong +1 more
TL;DR: Findings indicated that Korean-American parents' perceptions of discipline strategies were shaped by living in two cultures and were different from western viewpoints.
Journal ArticleDOI
The effect of customer incivility on service employees’ customer orientation through double-mediation of surface acting and emotional exhaustion
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined how customer incivility affects service employees' emotional labor and the way surface acting augments their emotional exhaustion at work, and in turn, damages customer orientations of service employees.
References
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Book
Statistical Principles in Experimental Design
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce the principles of estimation and inference: means and variance, means and variations, and means and variance of estimators and inferors, and the analysis of factorial experiments having repeated measures on the same element.
Journal ArticleDOI
Statistical Principles in Experimental Design
TL;DR: This chapter discusses design and analysis of single-Factor Experiments: Completely Randomized Design and Factorial Experiments in which Some of the Interactions are Confounded.
Book
Toward a science of translating
TL;DR: Toward a Science of Translating as mentioned in this paper describes the major components of translating; setting the translating into the context of historical changes in principles and procedures over the last two centuries.
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