Journal ArticleDOI
Back-Translation for Cross-Cultural Research
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TLDR
The authors investigated factors that affect translation quality and how equivalence between source and target versions can be evaluated through an analysis of variance design, and concluded that translation quality can be predicted, and that a functionally equivalent translation can be demonstrated when responses to the original and target translations are studied.Abstract:
Two aspects of translation were investigated: (1) factors that affect translation quality, and (2) how equivalence between source and target versions can be evaluated. The variables of language, content, and difficulty were studied through an analysis of variance design. Ninety-four bilinguals from the University of Guam, representing ten languages, translated or back-translated six essays incorporating three content areas and two levels of difficulty. The five criteria for equivalence were based on comparisons of meaning or predictions of similar responses to original or translated versions. The factors of content, difficulty, language and content-language interaction were significant, and the five equivalence criteria proved workable. Conclusions are that translation quality can be predicted, and that a functionally equivalent translation can be demonstrated when responses to the original and target versions are studied.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Timing of Translation in Cross-Language Qualitative Research
TL;DR: Methodological issues related to the timing of translation from Portuguese to English in two international cross-language collaborative research studies involving researchers from Brazil, Canada, and the United States are addressed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation directives on admission to intensive-care unit: an international observational study
Deborah J. Cook,Gordon H. Guyatt,Graeme Rocker,Peter Sjokvist,Bruce Weaver,Peter Dodek,John Marshall,David Leasa,Mitchell M. Levy,Joseph Varon,M. McD. Fisher,Richard J. Cook +11 more
TL;DR: The objective was to ascertain prevalence, predictors, and procurement pattern of cardiopulmonary resuscitation directives within 24 h of admission to the intensive-care unit (ICU) of patients aged 18 years and older in four countries.
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Factors influencing job performance of nursing staff: Mediating role of affective commitment
Jyoti Sharma,Rajib Lochan Dhar +1 more
TL;DR: The findings of the study revealed that the level of burnout is significantly higher among the nursing staff and had an inverse relation with affective commitment.
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How Does Authentic Leadership Influence Planned Organizational Change? The Role of Employees’ Perceptions: Integration of Theory of Planned Behavior and Lewin's Three Step Model
TL;DR: In this paper, a new three-step model was introduced as a replica of the classic three step model while integrating it with the theory of planned behaviour, which has been criticised for its linearity, unsuitability for continuous change and inability to incorporate leader and follower relationship dynamics.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epidemiology of behavioral and emotional problems among Thai and American children: Parent reports for ages 6 to 11.
John R. Weisz,Somsong Suwanlert,Wanchai Chaiyasit,Bahr Weiss,Thomas M. Achenbach,Bernadette R. Walter +5 more
TL;DR: Comparing 360 6‐to 11‐year‐olds in the Buddhist‐oriented, emotionally controlled culture of Thailand with 600 American 6‐ to 11-year-olds revealed 54 Thai‐U.S. differences in child problems.
References
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Book
Statistical Principles in Experimental Design
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce the principles of estimation and inference: means and variance, means and variations, and means and variance of estimators and inferors, and the analysis of factorial experiments having repeated measures on the same element.
Journal ArticleDOI
Statistical Principles in Experimental Design
TL;DR: This chapter discusses design and analysis of single-Factor Experiments: Completely Randomized Design and Factorial Experiments in which Some of the Interactions are Confounded.
Book
Toward a science of translating
TL;DR: Toward a Science of Translating as mentioned in this paper describes the major components of translating; setting the translating into the context of historical changes in principles and procedures over the last two centuries.
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