Circulating microRNAs as stable blood-based markers for cancer detection
Patrick S. Mitchell,Rachael K. Parkin,Evan M. Kroh,Brian R. Fritz,Brian R. Fritz,Stacia K. Wyman,Era L. Pogosova-Agadjanyan,Amelia Peterson,Jennifer Noteboom,Kathy O'Briant,April Allen,Daniel W. Lin,Daniel W. Lin,Daniel W. Lin,Nicole Urban,Charles W. Drescher,Beatrice S. Knudsen,Derek L. Stirewalt,Robert Gentleman,Robert L. Vessella,Robert L. Vessella,Peter S. Nelson,Daniel Martin,Daniel Martin,Muneesh Tewari +24 more
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TLDR
It is shown here that miRNAs are present in human plasma in a remarkably stable form that is protected from endogenous RNase activity and established the measurement of tumor-derived mi RNAs in serum or plasma as an important approach for the blood-based detection of human cancer.Abstract:
Improved approaches for the detection of common epithelial malignancies are urgently needed to reduce the worldwide morbidity and mortality caused by cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (≈22 nt) regulatory RNAs that are frequently dysregulated in cancer and have shown promise as tissue-based markers for cancer classification and prognostication. We show here that miRNAs are present in human plasma in a remarkably stable form that is protected from endogenous RNase activity. miRNAs originating from human prostate cancer xenografts enter the circulation, are readily measured in plasma, and can robustly distinguish xenografted mice from controls. This concept extends to cancer in humans, where serum levels of miR-141 (a miRNA expressed in prostate cancer) can distinguish patients with prostate cancer from healthy controls. Our results establish the measurement of tumor-derived miRNAs in serum or plasma as an important approach for the blood-based detection of human cancer.read more
Citations
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Epigenetic biomarkers in lung cancer
Triantafillos Liloglou,Naiara G. Bediaga,Benjamin R. B. Brown,John K. Field,Michael P.A. Davies +4 more
TL;DR: The huge potential of clinical cancer epigenetics is demonstrated, but also critically discussing the necessary validation steps to bring epigenetic biomarkers towards clinical implementation and the weaknesses of current biomarker studies are critically discussed.
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Serum microRNA-21 and microRNA-221 as Potential Biomarkers for Cerebrovascular Disease
TL;DR: Serum miR-145 was not detected in over 50% of the patients and it may not be an ideal marker to predict stroke, so MiR-21 and miR -221 are novel biomarkers for atherosclerosis and stroke.
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Exosome-mediated microRNA transfer plays a role in radiation-induced bystander effect
Shuai Xu,Jufang Wang,Nan Ding,Wentao Hu,Xurui Zhang,Bing Wang,Junrui Hua,Wenjun Wei,Qiyun Zhu +8 more
TL;DR: The exosome-mediated microRNA transfer plays an important role in the radiation-induced bystander effects and provides new insights into the functions of microRNAs and the cellular communication between the directly irradiated cells and the non-irradiated cells.
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Serum miR-23a, a potential biomarker for diagnosis of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes
Yang Zhangping,Chen Haimin,Hongqiang Si,Li Xuan,Ding Xianfeng,Qing Sheng,Ping Chen,Hongqiang Zhang +7 more
TL;DR: Low serum levels of serum miR-23a was a valuable biomarker for early detection of T2D and pre-diabetes with NGT, and this marker yielded an AUC of 0.835 (95 % CI 0.717–0.954).
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Circulating miR-17-5p and miR-20a: molecular markers for gastric cancer.
Mei Wang,Hongbing Gu,Sheng Wang,Hui Qian,Wei Zhu,Ling Zhang,Chonghui Zhao,Yang Tao,Wenrong Xu +8 more
TL;DR: The levels of circulating miR-17-5p/20a may be a promising non-invasive molecular marker for pathological progression, prediction of prognosis and monitoring of chemotherapeutic effects for gastric cancer.
References
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Exosome-mediated transfer of mRNAs and microRNAs is a novel mechanism of genetic exchange between cells
TL;DR: It is shown that exosomes contain both mRNA and microRNA, which can be delivered to another cell, and can be functional in this new location, and it is proposed that this RNA is called “exosomal shuttle RNA” (esRNA).
Journal ArticleDOI
MicroRNA expression profiles classify human cancers
Jun Lu,Gad Getz,Eric A. Miska,Eric A. Miska,Ezequiel Alvarez-Saavedra,Justin Lamb,David Peck,Alejandro Sweet-Cordero,Alejandro Sweet-Cordero,Benjamin L. Ebert,Benjamin L. Ebert,Raymond H. Mak,Raymond H. Mak,Adolfo A. Ferrando,James R. Downing,Tyler Jacks,H. Robert Horvitz,H. Robert Horvitz,Todd R. Golub,Todd R. Golub,Todd R. Golub +20 more
TL;DR: A new, bead-based flow cytometric miRNA expression profiling method is used to present a systematic expression analysis of 217 mammalian miRNAs from 334 samples, including multiple human cancers, and finds the miRNA profiles are surprisingly informative, reflecting the developmental lineage and differentiation state of the tumours.
Journal Article
MicroRNA signatures in human cancers
George A. Calin,Carlo M. Croce +1 more
TL;DR: The causes of the widespread differential expression of miRNA genes in malignant compared with normal cells can be explained by the location of these genes in cancer-associated genomic regions, by epigenetic mechanisms and by alterations in the miRNA processing machinery as discussed by the authors.
Journal Article
Oncomirs : microRNAs with a role in cancer
TL;DR: I MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of small non-protein-coding RNAs that function as negative gene regulators as discussed by the authors, and have been shown to repress the expression of important cancer-related genes and might prove useful in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Real-time quantification of microRNAs by stem–loop RT–PCR
Caifu Chen,Dana Ridzon,Adam Broomer,Zhaohui Zhou,Danny H. Lee,Julie T. Nguyen,Maura Barbisin,Nan Lan Xu,Vikram R. Mahuvakar,Mark R. Andersen,Kaiqin Lao,Kenneth J. Livak,Karl J. Guegler +12 more
TL;DR: A novel microRNA quantification method has been developed using stem–loop RT followed by TaqMan PCR analysis, which enables fast, accurate and sensitive miRNA expression profiling and can identify and monitor potential biomarkers specific to tissues or diseases.
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