Circulating microRNAs as stable blood-based markers for cancer detection
Patrick S. Mitchell,Rachael K. Parkin,Evan M. Kroh,Brian R. Fritz,Brian R. Fritz,Stacia K. Wyman,Era L. Pogosova-Agadjanyan,Amelia Peterson,Jennifer Noteboom,Kathy O'Briant,April Allen,Daniel W. Lin,Daniel W. Lin,Daniel W. Lin,Nicole Urban,Charles W. Drescher,Beatrice S. Knudsen,Derek L. Stirewalt,Robert Gentleman,Robert L. Vessella,Robert L. Vessella,Peter S. Nelson,Daniel Martin,Daniel Martin,Muneesh Tewari +24 more
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TLDR
It is shown here that miRNAs are present in human plasma in a remarkably stable form that is protected from endogenous RNase activity and established the measurement of tumor-derived mi RNAs in serum or plasma as an important approach for the blood-based detection of human cancer.Abstract:
Improved approaches for the detection of common epithelial malignancies are urgently needed to reduce the worldwide morbidity and mortality caused by cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (≈22 nt) regulatory RNAs that are frequently dysregulated in cancer and have shown promise as tissue-based markers for cancer classification and prognostication. We show here that miRNAs are present in human plasma in a remarkably stable form that is protected from endogenous RNase activity. miRNAs originating from human prostate cancer xenografts enter the circulation, are readily measured in plasma, and can robustly distinguish xenografted mice from controls. This concept extends to cancer in humans, where serum levels of miR-141 (a miRNA expressed in prostate cancer) can distinguish patients with prostate cancer from healthy controls. Our results establish the measurement of tumor-derived miRNAs in serum or plasma as an important approach for the blood-based detection of human cancer.read more
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Strengths and Limitations of Laboratory Procedures for MicroRNA Detection
TL;DR: Although miR detection and expression analyses are rapidly improving, there are still many technical challenges to overcome and high-throughput, high-resolution next-generation sequencing of small RNAs may offer the opportunity to quickly and accurately discover new miRs and confirm the presence of known miRs in the near future.
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Clinical applications of microRNAs
TL;DR: This review summarizes what has been recognized pre-clinically and clinically on diagnostic microRNAs and highlights individual microRNA drugs in running platforms driven by four leading microRNA-therapeutic companies.
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MicroRNA amplification and detection technologies: opportunities and challenges for point of care diagnostics
Vivek Priy Dave,Tien Anh Ngo,Anna-Karin Pernestig,Diana Tilevik,Krishna Kant,Trieu Nguyen,Anders Wolff,Dang Duong Bang +7 more
TL;DR: The clinical feasibility of different miRNA amplification-based assays, from conventional methods to alternative technologies such as isothermal amplification, paper-based, oligonucleotide-templated reaction, nanobead- based, electrochemical signaling-based and microfluidic chip-based strategies are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toward the human cellular microRNAome
Matthew N. McCall,Min-Sik Kim,Min-Sik Kim,Mohammed Adil,Arun H. Patil,Yin Lu,Chris J. Mitchell,Pamela Leal-Rojas,Jinchong Xu,Manoj Kumar,Valina L. Dawson,Ted M. Dawson,Alexander S. Baras,Avi Z. Rosenberg,Dan E. Arking,Kathleen H. Burns,Akhilesh Pandey,Marc K. Halushka +17 more
TL;DR: This project evaluated 8 billion small RNA-seq reads and identified both specific and ubiquitous patterns of expression that strongly correlate with adjacent superenhancer activity, establishing the landscape of human cell-specific microRNA expression.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stable serum miRNA profiles as potential tool for non-invasive lung cancer diagnosis.
Andreas Keller,Petra Leidinger,Randi Elin Gislefoss,Aage Haugen,Hilde Langseth,Peer F Staehler,Hans-Peter Lenhof,Eckart Meese +7 more
TL;DR: The findings support the idea that a developing lung cancer might be detectable years prior to diagnosis through a specific miRNA signature and that this signature changes during tumor development.
References
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Exosome-mediated transfer of mRNAs and microRNAs is a novel mechanism of genetic exchange between cells
TL;DR: It is shown that exosomes contain both mRNA and microRNA, which can be delivered to another cell, and can be functional in this new location, and it is proposed that this RNA is called “exosomal shuttle RNA” (esRNA).
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MicroRNA expression profiles classify human cancers
Jun Lu,Gad Getz,Eric A. Miska,Eric A. Miska,Ezequiel Alvarez-Saavedra,Justin Lamb,David Peck,Alejandro Sweet-Cordero,Alejandro Sweet-Cordero,Benjamin L. Ebert,Benjamin L. Ebert,Raymond H. Mak,Raymond H. Mak,Adolfo A. Ferrando,James R. Downing,Tyler Jacks,H. Robert Horvitz,H. Robert Horvitz,Todd R. Golub,Todd R. Golub,Todd R. Golub +20 more
TL;DR: A new, bead-based flow cytometric miRNA expression profiling method is used to present a systematic expression analysis of 217 mammalian miRNAs from 334 samples, including multiple human cancers, and finds the miRNA profiles are surprisingly informative, reflecting the developmental lineage and differentiation state of the tumours.
Journal Article
MicroRNA signatures in human cancers
George A. Calin,Carlo M. Croce +1 more
TL;DR: The causes of the widespread differential expression of miRNA genes in malignant compared with normal cells can be explained by the location of these genes in cancer-associated genomic regions, by epigenetic mechanisms and by alterations in the miRNA processing machinery as discussed by the authors.
Journal Article
Oncomirs : microRNAs with a role in cancer
TL;DR: I MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of small non-protein-coding RNAs that function as negative gene regulators as discussed by the authors, and have been shown to repress the expression of important cancer-related genes and might prove useful in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Real-time quantification of microRNAs by stem–loop RT–PCR
Caifu Chen,Dana Ridzon,Adam Broomer,Zhaohui Zhou,Danny H. Lee,Julie T. Nguyen,Maura Barbisin,Nan Lan Xu,Vikram R. Mahuvakar,Mark R. Andersen,Kaiqin Lao,Kenneth J. Livak,Karl J. Guegler +12 more
TL;DR: A novel microRNA quantification method has been developed using stem–loop RT followed by TaqMan PCR analysis, which enables fast, accurate and sensitive miRNA expression profiling and can identify and monitor potential biomarkers specific to tissues or diseases.
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