Commensal Bacteria Calibrate the Activation Threshold of Innate Antiviral Immunity
Michael C. Abt,Lisa C. Osborne,Laurel A. Monticelli,Travis A. Doering,Theresa Alenghat,Gregory F. Sonnenberg,Michael A. Paley,Marcelo Antenus,Katie L. Williams,Jan Erikson,E. John Wherry,David Artis +11 more
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TLDR
It is demonstrated that antibiotic-treated ABX mice exhibit impaired innate and adaptive antiviral immune responses and substantially delayed viral clearance after exposure to systemic LCMV or mucosal influenza virus, indicating that commensal-derived signals provide tonic immune stimulation that establishes the activation threshold of the innate immune system required for optimal antiviral immunity.About:
This article is published in Immunity.The article was published on 2012-07-27 and is currently open access. It has received 808 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Acquired immune system & Innate immune system.read more
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Role of the Microbiota in Immunity and Inflammation
Yasmine Belkaid,Timothy W. Hand +1 more
TL;DR: In high-income countries, overuse of antibiotics, changes in diet, and elimination of constitutive partners, such as nematodes, may have selected for a microbiota that lack the resilience and diversity required to establish balanced immune responses.
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Regulation of type I interferon responses
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarize the signalling and epigenetic mechanisms that regulate type I IFN-induced STAT activation and ISG transcription and translation and conclude that these regulatory mechanisms determine the biological outcomes of type I ILN responses and whether pathogens are cleared effectively or chronic infection or autoimmune disease ensues.
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Innate lymphoid cells--a proposal for uniform nomenclature.
Hergen Spits,David Artis,Marco Colonna,Andreas Diefenbach,James P. Di Santo,Gérard Eberl,Shigeo Koyasu,Richard M. Locksley,Andrew N.J. McKenzie,Reina E. Mebius,Fiona Powrie,Eric Vivier,Eric Vivier +12 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that ILCs should be categorized into three groups based on the cytokines that they can produce and the transcription factors that regulate their development and function.
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Type I interferons in infectious disease.
TL;DR: Experimental models of tuberculosis have demonstrated that prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-1 inhibit type I IFN expression and its downstream effects, demonstrating that a cross-regulatory network of cytokines operates during infectious diseases to provide protection with minimum damage to the host.
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Role of the gut microbiota in immunity and inflammatory disease
TL;DR: Understanding the interaction of the microbiota with pathogens and the host might provide new insights into the pathogenesis of disease, as well as novel avenues for preventing and treating intestinal and systemic disorders.
References
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TL;DR: The Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) method as discussed by the authors focuses on gene sets, that is, groups of genes that share common biological function, chromosomal location, or regulation.
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Microbial ecology: Human gut microbes associated with obesity
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Rafael A. Irizarry,Benjamin M. Bolstad,Francois Collin,Leslie Cope,Bridget G. Hobbs,Terence P. Speed,Terence P. Speed +6 more
TL;DR: It is found that the performance of the current version of the default expression measure provided by Affymetrix Microarray Suite can be significantly improved by the use of probe level summaries derived from empirically motivated statistical models.
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TL;DR: Findings indicating that developmental aspects of the adaptive immune system are influenced by bacterial colonization of the gut are discussed, and the possibility that the mammalian immune system, which seems to be designed to control microorganisms, is in fact controlled by microorganisms is raised.
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Induction of Intestinal Th17 Cells by Segmented Filamentous Bacteria
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TL;DR: The authors showed that colonisation of mice with a segmented filamentous bacterium (SFB) is sufficient to induce the appearance of CD4+ T helper cells that produce IL-17 and IL-22 (Th17 cells) in the lamina propria.