Evidence that a West-East admixed population lived in the Tarim Basin as early as the early Bronze Age.
Chunxiang Li,Hongjie Li,Yinqiu Cui,Chengzhi Xie,Dawei Cai,Wenying Li,Victor H. Mair,Zhi Xu,Quanchao Zhang,Idelisi Abuduresule,Li Jin,Hong Zhu,Hui Zhou +12 more
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TLDR
It is demonstrated that the Xiaohe people were an admixture from populations originating from both the West and the East, implying that the Tarim Basin had been occupied by an admixed population since the early Bronze Age, which is the earliest genetic evidence of an admixtures population settled in theTarim Basin.Abstract:
The Tarim Basin, located on the ancient Silk Road, played a very important role in the history of human migration and cultural communications between the West and the East. However, both the exact period at which the relevant events occurred and the origins of the people in the area remain very obscure. In this paper, we present data from the analyses of both Y chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) derived from human remains excavated from the Xiaohe cemetery, the oldest archeological site with human remains discovered in the Tarim Basin thus far. Mitochondrial DNA analysis showed that the Xiaohe people carried both the East Eurasian haplogroup (C) and the West Eurasian haplogroups (H and K), whereas Y chromosomal DNA analysis revealed only the West Eurasian haplogroup R1a1a in the male individuals. Our results demonstrated that the Xiaohe people were an admixture from populations originating from both the West and the East, implying that the Tarim Basin had been occupied by an admixed population since the early Bronze Age. To our knowledge, this is the earliest genetic evidence of an admixed population settled in the Tarim Basin.read more
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Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe
Wolfgang Haak,Iosif Lazaridis,Nick Patterson,Nadin Rohland,Swapan Mallick,Bastien Llamas,Guido Brandt,Susanne Nordenfelt,Eadaoin Harney,Kristin Stewardson,Qiaomei Fu,Alissa Mittnik,Eszter Bánffy,Christos Economou,Michael Francken,Susanne Friederich,Rafael Garrido Pena,Fredrik Hallgren,Valery Khartanovich,Aleksandr Khokhlov,Michael Kunst,Pavel Kuznetsov,Harald Meller,Oleg Mochalov,Vayacheslav Moiseyev,Nicole Nicklisch,Sandra Pichler,Roberto Risch,Manuel Ángel Rojo Guerra,Christina Roth,Anna Szécsényi-Nagy,Joachim Wahl,Matthias Meyer,Johannes Krause,Dorcas Brown,David W. Anthony,Alan Cooper,Kurt W. Alt,David Reich +38 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors generated genome-wide data from 69 Europeans who lived between 8,000-3,000 years ago by enriching ancient DNA libraries for a target set of almost 400,000 polymorphisms.
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Multiregional Emergence of Mobile Pastoralism and Nonuniform Institutional Complexity across Eurasia
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a new archaeological synthesis concerning the earliest formation of mobile pastoralist economies across central Eurasia, arguing that Eurasian steppe pastoralism developed along distinct local trajectories in the western, central, and (south)eastern steppe, sparking the development of regional networks of interaction in the late fourth and third millennia BC.
Journal ArticleDOI
Extended Y Chromosome Investigation Suggests Postglacial Migrations of Modern Humans into East Asia via the Northern Route
Hua Zhong,Hua Zhong,Hong Shi,Xuebin Qi,Zi-Yuan Duan,Ping-Ping Tan,Li Jin,Bing Su,Runlin Z. Ma +8 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that although the Paleolithic migrations via the southern route played a major role in modern human settlement in East Asia, there are ancient contributions, though limited, from THE AUTHORS, which partly explain the genetic divergence between current southern and northern East Asian populations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bronze Age population dynamics and the rise of dairy pastoralism on the eastern Eurasian steppe
Choongwon Jeong,Shevan Wilkin,Tsend Amgalantugs,Abigail S. Bouwman,William Timothy Treal Taylor,Richard W. Hagan,Sabri Bromage,Soninkhishig Tsolmon,Christian Trachsel,Jonas Grossmann,Judith Littleton,Cheryl A. Makarewicz,John Krigbaum,Marta Burri,Ashley Scott,Ganmaa Davaasambuu,Joshua Wright,Franziska Irmer,Erdene Myagmar,Nicole Boivin,Martine Robbeets,Frank J Rühli,Johannes Krause,Bruno Frohlich,Bruno Frohlich,Jessica Hendy,Christina Warinner,Christina Warinner,Christina Warinner +28 more
TL;DR: Investigation of a putative early pastoralist population in northern Mongolia finds that dairy production was established on the Eastern steppe by 1300 BCE, suggesting that ruminant dairy pastoralism was introduced by local hunter-gatherers through a process of cultural transmission and minimal genetic exchange with outside groups.
Journal ArticleDOI
Proteomics evidence for kefir dairy in Early Bronze Age China
Yimin Yang,Anna Shevchenko,Andrea Knaust,Idelisi Abuduresule,Wenying Li,Xingjun Hu,Changsui Wang,Andrej Shevchenko +7 more
TL;DR: Cheese making has been inferred at several sites in northern Europe as early as the 6th millennium BC and was common in Egypt and Mesopotamia in 3rd millennium BC.
References
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TL;DR: Major changes in the topology of the parsimony tree are described and names for new and rearranged lineages within the tree following the rules presented by the Y Chromosome Consortium in 2002 are provided.
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