Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe
Wolfgang Haak,Iosif Lazaridis,Nick Patterson,Nadin Rohland,Swapan Mallick,Bastien Llamas,Guido Brandt,Susanne Nordenfelt,Eadaoin Harney,Kristin Stewardson,Qiaomei Fu,Alissa Mittnik,Eszter Bánffy,Christos Economou,Michael Francken,Susanne Friederich,Rafael Garrido Pena,Fredrik Hallgren,Valery Khartanovich,Aleksandr Khokhlov,Michael Kunst,Pavel Kuznetsov,Harald Meller,Oleg Mochalov,Vayacheslav Moiseyev,Nicole Nicklisch,Sandra Pichler,Roberto Risch,Manuel Ángel Rojo Guerra,Christina Roth,Anna Szécsényi-Nagy,Joachim Wahl,Matthias Meyer,Johannes Krause,Dorcas Brown,David W. Anthony,Alan Cooper,Kurt W. Alt,David Reich +38 more
TLDR
In this paper, the authors generated genome-wide data from 69 Europeans who lived between 8,000-3,000 years ago by enriching ancient DNA libraries for a target set of almost 400,000 polymorphisms.Abstract:
We generated genome-wide data from 69 Europeans who lived between 8,000-3,000 years ago by enriching ancient DNA libraries for a target set of almost 400,000 polymorphisms. Enrichment of these positions decreases the sequencing required for genome-wide ancient DNA analysis by a median of around 250-fold, allowing us to study an order of magnitude more individuals than previous studies and to obtain new insights about the past. We show that the populations of Western and Far Eastern Europe followed opposite trajectories between 8,000-5,000 years ago. At the beginning of the Neolithic period in Europe, ∼8,000-7,000 years ago, closely related groups of early farmers appeared in Germany, Hungary and Spain, different from indigenous hunter-gatherers, whereas Russia was inhabited by a distinctive population of hunter-gatherers with high affinity to a ∼24,000-year-old Siberian. By ∼6,000-5,000 years ago, farmers throughout much of Europe had more hunter-gatherer ancestry than their predecessors, but in Russia, the Yamnaya steppe herders of this time were descended not only from the preceding eastern European hunter-gatherers, but also from a population of Near Eastern ancestry. Western and Eastern Europe came into contact ∼4,500 years ago, as the Late Neolithic Corded Ware people from Germany traced ∼75% of their ancestry to the Yamnaya, documenting a massive migration into the heartland of Europe from its eastern periphery. This steppe ancestry persisted in all sampled central Europeans until at least ∼3,000 years ago, and is ubiquitous in present-day Europeans. These results provide support for a steppe origin of at least some of the Indo-European languages of Europe.read more
Citations
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Ancient DNA and the rewriting of human history: be sparing with Occam's razor.
TL;DR: Some of the key events in the peopling of the world in the light of the findings of work on ancient DNA are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia
Morten E. Allentoft,Martin Sikora,Karl-Göran Sjögren,Simon Rasmussen,Morten Rasmussen,Jesper Stenderup,Peter de Barros Damgaard,Hannes Schroeder,Hannes Schroeder,Torbjörn Ahlström,Lasse Vinner,Anna-Sapfo Malaspinas,Ashot Margaryan,Thomas Higham,David Chivall,Niels Lynnerup,Lise Harvig,Justyna Baron,Philippe Della Casa,Paweł Dąbrowski,Paul R. Duffy,Alexander V. Ebel,Andrey Epimakhov,Karin Margarita Frei,Mirosław Furmanek,Tomasz Gralak,Andrey Gromov,Stanisław Gronkiewicz,Gisela Grupe,Tamás Hajdu,Tamás Hajdu,Radosław Jarysz,Valeri Khartanovich,Alexandr Khokhlov,Viktória Kiss,Jan Kolář,Jan Kolář,Aivar Kriiska,Irena Lasak,Cristina Longhi,George McGlynn,Algimantas Merkevicius,Inga Merkyte,Mait Metspalu,Ruzan Mkrtchyan,Vyacheslav Moiseyev,László Paja,László Paja,György Pálfi,Dalia Pokutta,Łukasz Pospieszny,T. Douglas Price,Lehti Saag,Mikhail V. Sablin,N. I. Shishlina,Václav Smrčka,Vasilii I. Soenov,Vajk Szeverényi,Gusztáv Tóth,Synaru V. Trifanova,Liivi Varul,Magdolna Vicze,Levon Yepiskoposyan,Vladislav S. Zhitenev,Ludovic Orlando,Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén,Søren Brunak,Søren Brunak,Rasmus Nielsen,Kristian Kristiansen,Eske Willerslev +70 more
TL;DR: It is shown that the Bronze Age was a highly dynamic period involving large-scale population migrations and replacements, responsible for shaping major parts of present-day demographic structure in both Europe and Asia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians
Iain Mathieson,Iosif Lazaridis,Iosif Lazaridis,Nadin Rohland,Nadin Rohland,Swapan Mallick,Swapan Mallick,Swapan Mallick,Nick Patterson,Songül Alpaslan Roodenberg,Eadaoin Harney,Eadaoin Harney,Kristin Stewardson,Kristin Stewardson,Daniel Fernandes,Mario Novak,Kendra Sirak,Kendra Sirak,Cristina Gamba,Cristina Gamba,Cristina Gamba,Eppie R. Jones,Bastien Llamas,Stanislav Dryomov,Joseph K. Pickrell,Juan Luis Arsuaga,José María Bermúdez de Castro,Eudald Carbonell,Fokke Gerritsen,Aleksandr Khokhlov,Pavel Kuznetsov,Marina Lozano,Harald Meller,Oleg Mochalov,Vayacheslav Moiseyev,Manuel Ángel Rojo Guerra,Jacob Roodenberg,Josep Maria Vergès,Johannes Krause,Johannes Krause,Alan Cooper,Kurt W. Alt,Kurt W. Alt,Dorcas Brown,David W. Anthony,Carles Lalueza-Fox,Wolfgang Haak,Wolfgang Haak,Ron Pinhasi,David Reich,David Reich,David Reich +51 more
TL;DR: A genome-wide scan for selection using ancient DNA is reported, capitalizing on the largest ancient DNA data set yet assembled: 230 West Eurasians who lived between 6500 and 300 bc, including 163 with newly reported data.
Journal ArticleDOI
The genetic history of Ice Age Europe
Qiaomei Fu,Cosimo Posth,Cosimo Posth,Mateja Hajdinjak,Martin Petr,Swapan Mallick,Swapan Mallick,Swapan Mallick,Daniel Fernandes,Daniel Fernandes,Anja Furtwängler,Wolfgang Haak,Wolfgang Haak,Matthias Meyer,Alissa Mittnik,Alissa Mittnik,Birgit Nickel,Alexander Peltzer,Nadin Rohland,Viviane Slon,Sahra Talamo,Iosif Lazaridis,Mark Lipson,Iain Mathieson,Stephan Schiffels,Pontus Skoglund,Anatoly P. Derevianko,Anatoly P. Derevianko,Nikolai I. Drozdov,V. S. Slavinsky,A. A. Tsybankov,Renata Grifoni Cremonesi,Francesco Mallegni,Bernard Gély,E. Vacca,Manuel R. González Morales,Lawrence Guy Straus,Lawrence Guy Straus,Christine Neugebauer-Maresch,Maria Teschler-Nicola,Maria Teschler-Nicola,Silviu Constantin,Oana Teodora Moldovan,Stefano Benazzi,Marco Peresani,Donato Coppola,Martina Lari,Stefano Ricci,Annamaria Ronchitelli,Frédérique Valentin,Corinne Thevenet,Kurt Wehrberger,Dan Grigorescu,Hélène Rougier,Isabelle Crevecoeur,Damien Flas,Patrick Semal,Marcello A. Mannino,Christophe Cupillard,Hervé Bocherens,Nicholas J. Conard,Katerina Harvati,Vyacheslav Moiseyev,Dorothée G. Drucker,Jiří Svoboda,Jiří Svoboda,Michael P. Richards,David Caramelli,Ron Pinhasi,Janet Kelso,Nick Patterson,Johannes Krause,Johannes Krause,Svante Pääbo,David Reich,David Reich,David Reich +76 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyse genome-wide data from 51 Eurasians from ~45,000-7,000 years ago and find that the proportion of Neanderthal DNA decreased from 3-6% to around 2%, consistent with natural selection against Neanderthal variants in modern humans.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East
Iosif Lazaridis,Dani Nadel,Gary O. Rollefson,Deborah C. Merrett,Nadin Rohland,Swapan Mallick,Swapan Mallick,Daniel Fernandes,Daniel Fernandes,Mario Novak,Beatriz Gamarra,Kendra Sirak,Kendra Sirak,Sarah Connell,Kristin Stewardson,Eadaoin Harney,Qiaomei Fu,Gloria Gonzalez-Fortes,Eppie R. Jones,Songül Alpaslan Roodenberg,György Lengyel,Fanny Bocquentin,Boris Gasparian,Janet Monge,Michael Gregg,Vered Eshed,Ahuva Sivan Mizrahi,Christopher Meiklejohn,Fokke Gerritsen,Luminita Bejenaru,Matthias Blüher,Archie Campbell,Gianpiero L. Cavalleri,David Comas,Philippe Froguel,Edmund Gilbert,Shona M. Kerr,Peter Kovacs,Johannes Krause,Darren McGettigan,Michael Merrigan,D. Andrew Merriwether,Seamus O’Reilly,Martin B. Richards,Ornella Semino,Michel Shamoon-Pour,Gheorghe Stefanescu,Michael Stumvoll,Anke Tönjes,Antonio Torroni,James F. Wilson,Loic Yengo,Nelli Hovhannisyan,Nick Patterson,Ron Pinhasi,David Reich,David Reich +56 more
TL;DR: This paper reported genome-wide ancient DNA from 44 ancient Near Easterners ranging in time between ~12,000 and 1,400 bc, from Natufian hunter-gatherers to Bronze Age farmers, showing that the earliest populations of the Near East derived around half their ancestry from a 'Basal Eurasian' lineage that had little if any Neanderthal admixture and that separated from other non-African lineages before their separation from each other.
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