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Journal ArticleDOI

Exome sequencing identifies distinct mutational patterns in liver fluke–related and non-infection-related bile duct cancers

TLDR
Functional studies demonstrated tumor suppressive functions for BAP1 and ARID1A, establishing the role of chromatin modulators in CCA pathogenesis and indicating that different causative etiologies may induce distinct somatic alterations, even within the same tumor type.
Abstract
Bin Tean Teh, Patrick Tan, Steven Rozen, Irinel Popescu and colleagues report exome sequencing of cholangiocarcinomas, including cases caused by liver fluke (Opisthorchis viverrini) infection and cases caused by non–O. viverrini etiologies. They identify recurrent somatic mutations in BAP1 and ARID1A and demonstrate different mutation patterns in liver fluke infection–related and non-infection-related cancers.

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Citations
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Patterns of Somatic Mutation in Human Cancer Genomes

TL;DR: In this paper, the coding exons of the family of 518 protein kinases were sequenced in 210 cancers of diverse histological types to explore the nature of the information that will be derived from cancer genome sequencing.
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Wnt signaling in cancer.

TL;DR: Current insights into novel components of Wnt pathways are reviewed and how Wnt signaling affects maintenance of cancer stem cells, metastasis and immune control are described.
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Cholangiocarcinoma 2020: the next horizon in mechanisms and management

TL;DR: This expert Consensus Statement, endorsed by the ENS-CCA, summarizes the latest advances in CCA, including classification, genetics and treatment, and provides recommendations for CCA management and priorities across basic, translational and clinical research.
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Cholangiocarcinoma — evolving concepts and therapeutic strategies

TL;DR: Advances in comprehensive whole-exome and transcriptome sequencing have defined the genetic landscape of each cholangiocarcinoma subtype, and promising molecular targets for precision medicine have been identified, and are being evaluated in clinical trials, including those exploring immunotherapy.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

The Sequence Alignment/Map format and SAMtools

TL;DR: SAMtools as discussed by the authors implements various utilities for post-processing alignments in the SAM format, such as indexing, variant caller and alignment viewer, and thus provides universal tools for processing read alignments.
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Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows–Wheeler transform

TL;DR: Burrows-Wheeler Alignment tool (BWA) is implemented, a new read alignment package that is based on backward search with Burrows–Wheeler Transform (BWT), to efficiently align short sequencing reads against a large reference sequence such as the human genome, allowing mismatches and gaps.
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Linear Models and Empirical Bayes Methods for Assessing Differential Expression in Microarray Experiments

TL;DR: The hierarchical model of Lonnstedt and Speed (2002) is developed into a practical approach for general microarray experiments with arbitrary numbers of treatments and RNA samples and the moderated t-statistic is shown to follow a t-distribution with augmented degrees of freedom.
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