Familial transmission rather than defective innate immunity shapes the distinct intestinal microbiota of TLR-deficient mice
Carles Ubeda,Lauren Lipuma,Asia Gobourne,Agnes Viale,Ingrid Leiner,Michele Equinda,Raya Khanin,Eric G. Pamer +7 more
TLDR
Differences between TLR-deficient mouse colonies occur from extended husbandry in isolation that are communicated to offspring by maternal transmission.Abstract:
The intestinal microbiota contributes to the development of the immune system, and conversely, the immune system influences the composition of the microbiota. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the gut recognize bacterial ligands. Although TLR signaling represents a major arm of the innate immune system, the extent to which TLRs influence the composition of the intestinal microbiota remains unclear. We performed deep 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing to characterize the complex bacterial populations inhabiting the ileum and cecum of TLR- and MyD88-deficient mice. The microbiota of MyD88- and TLR-deficient mouse colonies differed markedly, with each colony harboring distinct and distinguishable bacterial populations in the small and large intestine. Comparison of MyD88-, TLR2-, TLR4-, TLR5-, and TLR9-deficient mice and their respective wild-type (WT) littermates demonstrated that the impact of TLR deficiency on the composition of the intestinal microbiota is minimal under homeostatic conditions and after recovery from antibiotic treatment. Thus, differences between TLR-deficient mouse colonies reflected long-term divergence of the microbiota after extended husbandry in isolation from each other. Long-term breeding of isolated mouse colonies results in changes of the intestinal microbiota that are communicated to offspring by maternal transmission, which account for marked compositional differences between WT and mutant mouse strains.read more
Citations
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Role of the gut microbiota in immunity and inflammatory disease
TL;DR: Understanding the interaction of the microbiota with pathogens and the host might provide new insights into the pathogenesis of disease, as well as novel avenues for preventing and treating intestinal and systemic disorders.
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Dietary emulsifiers impact the mouse gut microbiota promoting colitis and metabolic syndrome
Benoit Chassaing,Omry Koren,Julia K. Goodrich,Angela C. Poole,Shanthi Srinivasan,Ruth E. Ley,Andrew T. Gewirtz +6 more
TL;DR: Results support the emerging concept that perturbed host–microbiota interactions resulting in low-grade inflammation can promote adiposity and its associated metabolic effects and suggest that the broad use of emulsifying agents might be contributing to an increased societal incidence of obesity/metabolic syndrome and other chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Interaction between microbiota and immunity in health and disease
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review features of microbiome-immunity crosstalk and their roles in health and disease, while providing examples of molecular mechanisms orchestrating these interactions in the intestine and extra-intestinal organs.
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The microbiome and innate immunity
TL;DR: The intestinal microbiome is a signalling hub that integrates environmental inputs, such as diet, with genetic and immune signals to affect the host's metabolism, immunity and response to infection.
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Control of pathogens and pathobionts by the gut microbiota.
TL;DR: The mechanisms that regulate the ability of the microbiota to restrain pathogen growth are complex and include competitive metabolic interactions, localization to intestinal niches and induction of host immune responses.
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