Inflammasome-mediated dysbiosis regulates progression of NAFLD and obesity
Jorge Henao-Mejia,Eran Elinav,Chengcheng Jin,Liming Hao,Wajahat Z. Mehal,Till Strowig,Christoph A. Thaiss,Andrew L. Kau,Stephanie C. Eisenbarth,Michael J. Jurczak,Joao Paulo Camporez,Gerald I. Shulman,Gerald I. Shulman,Jeffrey I. Gordon,Hal M. Hoffman,Richard A. Flavell,Richard A. Flavell +16 more
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TLDR
Altered interactions between the gut microbiota and the host, produced by defective NLRP3 and NLRP6 inflammasome sensing, may govern the rate of progression of multiple metabolic syndrome-associated abnormalities, highlighting the central role of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of heretofore seemingly unrelated systemic auto-inflammatory and metabolic disorders.Abstract:
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and the leading cause of chronic liver disease in the Western world. Twenty per cent of NAFLD individuals develop chronic hepatic inflammation (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH) associated with cirrhosis, portal hypertension and hepatocellular carcinoma, yet the causes of progression from NAFLD to NASH remain obscure. Here, we show that the NLRP6 and NLRP3 inflammasomes and the effector protein IL-18 negatively regulate NAFLD/NASH progression, as well as multiple aspects of metabolic syndrome via modulation of the gut microbiota. Different mouse models reveal that inflammasome-deficiency-associated changes in the configuration of the gut microbiota are associated with exacerbated hepatic steatosis and inflammation through influx of TLR4 and TLR9 agonists into the portal circulation, leading to enhanced hepatic tumour-necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression that drives NASH progression. Furthermore, co-housing of inflammasome-deficient mice with wild-type mice results in exacerbation of hepatic steatosis and obesity. Thus, altered interactions between the gut microbiota and the host, produced by defective NLRP3 and NLRP6 inflammasome sensing, may govern the rate of progression of multiple metabolic syndrome-associated abnormalities, highlighting the central role of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of heretofore seemingly unrelated systemic auto-inflammatory and metabolic disorders. An expansion of Porphyromonadaceae in the gut is linked to the pathogenesis and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in the mouse. Using a mouse model, Richard Flavell and co-workers study the inflammatory processes associated with progression from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease — the leading cause of chronic liver disease in developed countries — to the more severe non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, which often leads to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. They find that alterations of the intestinal microbiota associated with the NLRP6 and NLRP3 inflammasomes enhance disease in mice with diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver syndrome. These findings highlight the pivotal role of the microbiota in the development of autoinflammatory and metabolic disorders, and point to the manipulation of host–microflora interactions as a focus for new therapies.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Host-Gut Microbiota Metabolic Interactions
Jeremy K. Nicholson,Elaine Holmes,James Kinross,Rémy Burcelin,Glenn R. Gibson,Wei Jia,Sven Pettersson +6 more
TL;DR: A deeper understanding of the axes that physiologically connect the gut, liver, muscle, and brain are a prerequisite for optimizing therapeutic strategies to manipulate the gut microbiota to combat disease and improve health.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology
Glgc,Icbp,Magic Investigators +2 more
TL;DR: A genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility.
Journal ArticleDOI
Functional interactions between the gut microbiota and host metabolism
TL;DR: Through increased knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the interactions between the microbiota and its host, the world will be in a better position to develop treatments for metabolic disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interactions between the microbiota and the immune system.
TL;DR: Advances in understanding of the interactions between resident microbes and the immune system are reviewed and the implications for human health are reviewed.
Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology
Adam E. Locke,Bratati Kahali,Sonja I. Berndt,Anne E. Justice,Tune H. Pers,Felix R. Day,Corey Powell,Sailaja Vedantam,Martin L. Buchkovich,Jian Yang,Damien C. Croteau-Chonka,Tõnu Esko,Tove Fall,Teresa Ferreira,Stefan Gustafsson,Zoltán Kutalik,Jian'an Luan,Reedik Mägi,Joshua C. Randall,Thomas W. Winkler,Andrew R. Wood,Tsegaselassie Workalemahu,Jessica D. Faul,Jennifer A. Smith,Jing Hua Zhao,Wei Zhao,Jin Chen,Rudolf S N Fehrmann,Åsa K. Hedman,Juha Karjalainen,Ellen M. Schmidt,Devin Absher,Najaf Amin,Denise Anderson,Marian Beekman,Jennifer L. Bolton,Jennifer L. Bragg-Gresham,Steven Buyske,Ayse Demirkan,Guohong Deng,Georg Ehret,Bjarke Feenstra,Mary F. Feitosa,Krista Fischer,Anuj Goel,Jian Gong,Anne U. Jackson,Stavroula Kanoni,Marcus E. Kleber,Kati Kristiansson,Unhee Lim,Vaneet Lotay,Massimo Mangino,Irene Mateo Leach,Carolina Medina-Gomez,Sarah E. Medland,Mike A. Nalls,Cameron D. Palmer,Dorota Pasko,Sonali Pechlivanis,Marjolein Peters,Inga Prokopenko,Dmitry Shungin,Alena Stančáková,Rona J. Strawbridge,Yun Ju Sung,Toshiko Tanaka,Alexander Teumer,Stella Trompet,Sander W. van der Laan,Jessica van Setten,Jana V. van Vliet-Ostaptchouk,Zhaoming Wang,Loic Yengo,Weihua Zhang,Aaron Isaacs,Eva Albrecht,Johan Ärnlöv,Gillian M. Arscott,Antony P. Attwood,Stefania Bandinelli,Amy Barrett,Isabelita Bas,Claire Bellis,Amanda J. Bennett,Christian Berne,Roza Blagieva,Matthias Blüher,Stefan Böhringer,Lori L. Bonnycastle,Yvonne Böttcher,Heather A. Boyd,Marcel Bruinenberg,Ida Henriette Caspersen,Yii-Der Ida Chen,Robert Clarke,E. Warwick Daw,Anton J. M. de Craen,Graciela E. Delgado,Maria Dimitriou,Alex S. F. Doney,Niina Eklund,Karol Estrada,Elodie Eury,Lasse Folkersen,Ross M. Fraser,Melissa E. Garcia,Frank Geller,Vilmantas Giedraitis,Bruna Gigante,Alan S. Go,Alain Golay,Alison H. Goodall,Scott D. Gordon,Mathias Gorski,Hans-Jörgen Grabe,Harald Grallert,Tanja B. Grammer,Jürgen Gräßler,Henrik Grönberg,Christopher J. Groves,Gaëlle Gusto,Jeffrey Haessler,Per Hall,Toomas Haller,Göran Hallmans,Catharina A. Hartman,Maija Hassinen,Caroline Hayward,Nancy L. Heard-Costa,Quinta Helmer,Christian Hengstenberg,Oddgeir L. Holmen,Jouke-Jan Hottenga,Alan James,Janina M. Jeff,Åsa Johansson,Jennifer Jolley,Thorhildur Juliusdottir,Leena Kinnunen,Wolfgang Koenig,Markku Koskenvuo,Wolfgang Kratzer,Jaana Laitinen,Claudia Lamina,Karin Leander,Nanette R. Lee,Peter Lichtner,Lars Lind,Jaana Lindström,Ken Sin Lo,Stéphane Lobbens,Roberto Lorbeer,Yingchang Lu,François Mach,Patrik K. E. Magnusson,Anubha Mahajan,Wendy L. McArdle,Stela McLachlan,Cristina Menni,Sigrun Merger,Evelin Mihailov,Lili Milani,Alireza Moayyeri,Keri L. Monda,Mario A. Morken,Antonella Mulas,Gabriele Müller,Martina Müller-Nurasyid,Arthur W. Musk,Ramaiah Nagaraja,Markus M. Nöthen,Ilja M. Nolte,Stefan Pilz,Nigel W. Rayner,Frida Renström,Rainer Rettig,Janina S. Ried,Stephan Ripke,Neil R. Robertson,Lynda M. Rose,Serena Sanna,Hubert Scharnagl,Salome Scholtens,Fredrick R. Schumacher,William R. Scott,Thomas Seufferlein,Jianxin Shi,Albert V. Smith,Joanna Smolonska,Alice Stanton,Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir,Kathleen Stirrups,Heather M. Stringham,Johan Sundström,Morris A. Swertz,Amy J. Swift,Ann-Christine Syvänen,Sian-Tsung Tan,Bamidele O. Tayo,Barbara Thorand,Gudmar Thorleifsson,Jonathan Tyrer,Hae-Won Uh,Liesbeth Vandenput,Frank C. Verhulst,Sita H. Vermeulen,Niek Verweij,Judith M. Vonk,Lindsay L. Waite,Helen R. Warren,Dawn M. Waterworth,Michael N. Weedon,Lynne R. Wilkens,Christina Willenborg,Tom Wilsgaard,Mary K. Wojczynski,Andrew Wong,Alan F. Wright,Qunyuan Zhang,Eoin P. Brennan,Murim Choi,Zari Dastani,Alexander W. Drong,Per Eriksson,Anders Franco-Cereceda,Jesper R. Gådin,Ali G. Gharavi,Michael E. Goddard,Robert E. Handsaker,Jinyan Huang,Fredrik Karpe,Sekar Kathiresan,Sarah Keildson,Krzysztof Kiryluk,Michiaki Kubo,Jong-Young Lee,Liming Liang,Richard P. Lifton,Baoshan Ma,Steven A. 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Gejman,Christian Gieger,Omri Gottesman,Vilmundur Gudnason,Ulf Gyllensten,Alistair S. Hall,Tamara B. Harris,Andrew T. Hattersley,Andrew A. Hicks,Lucia A. Hindorff,Aroon D. Hingorani,Albert Hofman,Georg Homuth,G. Kees Hovingh,Steve E. Humphries,Steven C. Hunt,Elina Hyppönen,Thomas Illig,Kevin B. Jacobs,Marjo-Riitta Järvelin,Karl-Heinz Jöckel,Berit Johansen,Pekka Jousilahti,J. Wouter Jukema,Antti Jula,Jaakko Kaprio,John J.P. Kastelein,Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi,Lambertus A. Kiemeney,Paul Knekt,Jaspal S. Kooner,Charles Kooperberg,Peter Kovacs,Aldi T. Kraja,Meena Kumari,Johanna Kuusisto,Timo A. Lakka,Claudia Langenberg,Loic Le Marchand,Terho Lehtimäki,Valeriya Lyssenko,Satu Männistö,André Marette,Tara C. Matise,Colin A. McKenzie,Barbara McKnight,Frans L. Moll,Andrew D. Morris,Andrew P. Morris,Jeffrey C. Murray,Mari Nelis,Claes Ohlsson,Albertine J. Oldehinkel,Ken K. Ong,Pamela A. F. Madden,Gerard Pasterkamp,John F. Peden,Annette Peters,Dirkje S. Postma,Peter P. Pramstaller,Jackie F. 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Lindgren,Jacques S. Beckmann,Inês Barroso,Kari E. North,Erik Ingelsson,Joel N. Hirschhorn,Ruth J. F. Loos,Elizabeth K. Speliotes +481 more
TL;DR: This paper conducted a genome-wide association study and meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals.
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