Open AccessJournal Article
Interleukin-13: Central mediator of allergic asthma
Marsha Wills-Karp,Jackie Luyimbazi,Xueying Xu,Brian Schofield,Tamlyn Neben,Christopher L. Karp,Debra D. Donaldson +6 more
TLDR
In this article, the type 2 cytokine IL-13, which shares a receptor component and signaling pathways with IL-4, was found to be necessary and sufficient for the expression of allergic asthma.Abstract:
The worldwide incidence, morbidity, and mortality of allergic asthma are increasing. The pathophysiological features of allergic asthma are thought to result from the aberrant expansion of CD4 + T cells producing the type 2 cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5, although a necessary role for these cytokines in allergic asthma has not been demonstrable. The type 2 cytokine IL-13, which shares a receptor component and signaling pathways with IL-4, was found to be necessary and sufficient for the expression of allergic asthma. IL-13 induces the pathophysiological features of asthma in a manner that is independent of immunoglobulin E and eosinophils. Thus, IL-13 is critical to allergen-induced asthma but operates through mechanisms other than those that are classically implicated in allergic responses.read more
Citations
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Aquaporins in the lung.
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TL;DR: The role of AQPs in the lung with regard to fluid homeostasis across the respiratory epithelium is discussed, where AQPs provide a transcellular route for water transport across epithelia.
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Crocin modulates IL-4/IL-13 signaling and ameliorates experimentally induced allergic airway asthma in a murine model.
TL;DR: In conclusion, crocin showed a significant protective effect against allergic asthma progression, which was associated with down‐regulation of inflammatory cytokine expression and restoration of oxidant/antioxidant homeostasis.
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Granulocyte Macrophage Colony–Stimulating Factor–Driven Respiratory Mucosal Sensitization Induces Th2 Differentiation and Function Independently of Interleukin-4
Stacey A. Ritz,Meghan Cundall,Beata U. Gajewska,David Alvarez,Jose-Carlos Gutierrez-Ramos,Anthony J. Coyle,Andrew N. J. McKenzie,Martin R. Stämpfli,Manel Jordana +8 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that IL-4 is not required for the generation of Th2-polarized responses in the presence of GM-CSF.
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Dupilumab for the treatment of asthma
Corrado Pelaia,Alessandro Vatrella,Luca Gallelli,Rosa Terracciano,Paolo Navalesi,Rosario Maselli,Girolamo Pelaia +6 more
TL;DR: Dupilumab currently appears to be a very promising biological drug for the treatment of severe uncontrolled asthma and may have benefits to comorbidities of asthma including atopic dermatitis, chronic sinusitis and nasal polyposis.
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Trials and tribulations in identifying new biologic treatments for asthma
TL;DR: A concerted effort is now needed to substratify asthma beyond Th2 pathways, and using appropriate biomarkers, to target only those patients likely to respond to a specific biologic, to achieve this goal.
References
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TL;DR: The existence of subsets of CD4+ helper T lymphocytes that differ in their cytokine secretion patterns and effector functions provides a framework for understanding the heterogeneity of normal and pathological immune responses.
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Predominant TH2-like bronchoalveolar T-lymphocyte population in atopic asthma
Douglas S. Robinson,Qutayba Hamid,Sun Ying,Anne Tsicopoulos,J. Barkans,Andrew Bentley,Christopher Corrigan,Stephen R. Durham,A. B. Kay +8 more
TL;DR: Atopic asthma is associated with activation in the bronchi of the interleukin-3, 4, and 5 and GM-CSF gene cluster, a pattern compatible with predominant activation of the TH2-like T-cell population.
Journal ArticleDOI
Eosinophilic inflammation in asthma.
Jean Bousquet,Pascal Chanez,J.-Y. Lacoste,G. Barneon,N Ghavanian,I. Enander,Per Venge,Staffan Ahlstedt,J Simony-Lafontaine,P. Godard +9 more
TL;DR: Eosinophilic inflammation of the airways is correlated with the severity of asthma and these cells are likely to play a part in the epithelial damage seen in this disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Requirement for IL-13 Independently of IL-4 in Experimental Asthma
Gabriele Grünig,Martha L. Warnock,Adil E. Wakil,Rajeev Venkayya,Frank Brombacher,Donna M. Rennick,Dean Sheppard,Markus Mohrs,Debra D. Donaldson,Richard M. Locksley,David B. Corry +10 more
TL;DR: This article showed that IL-4 receptor α chain-dependent pathway may underlie the genetic associations of asthma with both the human 5q31 locus and the IL4 receptor and showed that selective neutralization of IL-13, a cytokine related to interleukin-4 that also binds to the α chain of the IL 4 receptor, ameliorated asthma phenotype.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cellular events in the bronchi in mild asthma and after bronchial provocation.
TL;DR: It is concluded that allergic asthma is accompanied by extensive inflammatory changes in the airways, even in mild clinical and subclinical disease.
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