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Open AccessJournal Article

Interleukin-13: Central mediator of allergic asthma

TLDR
In this article, the type 2 cytokine IL-13, which shares a receptor component and signaling pathways with IL-4, was found to be necessary and sufficient for the expression of allergic asthma.
Abstract
The worldwide incidence, morbidity, and mortality of allergic asthma are increasing. The pathophysiological features of allergic asthma are thought to result from the aberrant expansion of CD4 + T cells producing the type 2 cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5, although a necessary role for these cytokines in allergic asthma has not been demonstrable. The type 2 cytokine IL-13, which shares a receptor component and signaling pathways with IL-4, was found to be necessary and sufficient for the expression of allergic asthma. IL-13 induces the pathophysiological features of asthma in a manner that is independent of immunoglobulin E and eosinophils. Thus, IL-13 is critical to allergen-induced asthma but operates through mechanisms other than those that are classically implicated in allergic responses.

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Citations
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Notch signaling prevents mucous metaplasia in mouse conducting airways during postnatal development

TL;DR: Evidence is provided of a novel role for Notch in restricting goblet cell differentiation in the airway epithelium during the postnatal period and Luciferase reporter analysis suggested that Notch directly repressed MUC5AC transcription in lung epithelial cells.
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Interleukin-18 enhances antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment into the mouse airways.

TL;DR: It is shown that the administration of recombinant murine IL-18 enhanced antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment into the trachea and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of sensitized mice in a dose-dependent manner, and that IL- 18 may contribute to the development and exacerbation of airway inflammation in asthma.
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Interleukin-13 receptor-targeted cancer therapy in an immunodeficient animal model of human head and neck cancer.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate that by using a combination approach of gene transfer and systemic or locoregional cytotoxin therapy, the IL-13R represents a new potent target for head and neck cancer therapy.
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IL-13 signal transduction in human monocytes: phosphorylation of receptor components, association with Jaks, and phosphorylation/activation of Stats

TL;DR: The first complete report of the functional IL‐13 receptor complex and early signaling events in human monocytes is identified and it is reported that Jak2 is associated with IL‐4Rα, and Tyk2 isassociated with theIL‐13Rα1 component of the IL‐ 13 receptor complex.
References
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TL;DR: The existence of subsets of CD4+ helper T lymphocytes that differ in their cytokine secretion patterns and effector functions provides a framework for understanding the heterogeneity of normal and pathological immune responses.
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Predominant TH2-like bronchoalveolar T-lymphocyte population in atopic asthma

TL;DR: Atopic asthma is associated with activation in the bronchi of the interleukin-3, 4, and 5 and GM-CSF gene cluster, a pattern compatible with predominant activation of the TH2-like T-cell population.
Journal ArticleDOI

Eosinophilic inflammation in asthma.

TL;DR: Eosinophilic inflammation of the airways is correlated with the severity of asthma and these cells are likely to play a part in the epithelial damage seen in this disease.
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Requirement for IL-13 Independently of IL-4 in Experimental Asthma

TL;DR: This article showed that IL-4 receptor α chain-dependent pathway may underlie the genetic associations of asthma with both the human 5q31 locus and the IL4 receptor and showed that selective neutralization of IL-13, a cytokine related to interleukin-4 that also binds to the α chain of the IL 4 receptor, ameliorated asthma phenotype.
Journal ArticleDOI

Cellular events in the bronchi in mild asthma and after bronchial provocation.

TL;DR: It is concluded that allergic asthma is accompanied by extensive inflammatory changes in the airways, even in mild clinical and subclinical disease.
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