Journal ArticleDOI
Leptin and the regulation of body weight in mammals
TLDR
The role of leptin in the control of body weight and its relevance to the pathogenesis of obesity are reviewed.Abstract:
The assimilation, storage and use of energy from nutrients constitute a homeostatic system that is essential for life In vertebrates, the ability to store sufficient quantities of energy-dense triglyceride in adipose tissue allows survival during the frequent periods of food deprivation encountered during evolution However, the presence of excess adipose tissue can be maladaptive A complex physiological system has evolved to regulate fuel stores and energy balance at an optimum level Leptin, a hormone secreted by adipose tissue, and its receptor are integral components of this system Leptin also signals nutritional status to several other physiological systems and modulates their function Here we review the role of leptin in the control of body weight and its relevance to the pathogenesis of obesityread more
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Adipose Tissue as an Endocrine Organ
Erin E. Kershaw,Jeffrey S. Flier +1 more
TL;DR: An overview of the endocrine functions of adipose tissue can be found in this paper, where the authors highlight the adverse metabolic consequences of both adipose excess and deficiency, and propose a more rational therapy for these increasingly prevalent disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
Increased oxidative stress in obesity and its impact on metabolic syndrome
Shigetada Furukawa,Takuya Fujita,Michio Shimabukuro,Masanori Iwaki,Yukio Yamada,Yoshimitsu Nakajima,Osamu Nakayama,Makoto Makishima,Morihiro Matsuda,Iichiro Shimomura +9 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that increased oxidative stress in accumulated fat is an early instigator of metabolic syndrome and that the redox state in adipose tissue is a potentially useful therapeutic target for obesity-associated metabolic syndrome.
Journal ArticleDOI
The hormone resistin links obesity to diabetes
Claire M. Steppan,Shannon T. Bailey,Savitha Bhat,Elizabeth J. Brown,Ronadip R. Banerjee,Christopher M. Wright,Hiralben R. Patel,Rexford S. Ahima,Mitchell A. Lazar +8 more
TL;DR: It is shown that adipocytes secrete a unique signalling molecule, which is named resistin (for resistance to insulin), which circulating resistin levels are decreased by the anti-diabetic drug rosiglitazone, and increased in diet-induced and genetic forms of obesity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adipokines in inflammation and metabolic disease
TL;DR: The role of adipokines in inflammatory responses is focused on and their potential as regulators of metabolic function is discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism
Gijs den Besten,Karen van Eunen,Albert K. Groen,Koen Venema,Dirk-Jan Reijngoud,Barbara M. Bakker +5 more
TL;DR: This review summarizes the role of SCFAs in host energy metabolism, starting from the production by the gut microbiota to the uptake by the host and ending with the effects on host metabolism.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue
Yiying Zhang,Ricardo Proenca,Ricardo Proenca,Margherita Maffei,Marisa Barone,Marisa Barone,Lori Leopold,Lori Leopold,Jeffrey M. Friedman,Jeffrey M. Friedman +9 more
TL;DR: The ob gene product may function as part of a signalling pathway from adipose tissue that acts to regulate the size of the body fat depot.
Journal ArticleDOI
Serum Immunoreactive-Leptin Concentrations in Normal-Weight and Obese Humans
Robert V. Considine,Madhur K. Sinha,Mark L. Heiman,Aidas Kriauciunas,Thomas W. Stephens,Mark R. Nyce,Joanna P. Ohannesian,Cheryl C. Marco,Linda J. McKee,Thomas L. Bauer,Jose F. Caro +10 more
TL;DR: Serum leptin concentrations are correlated with the percentage of body fat, suggesting that most obese persons are insensitive to endogenous leptin production.
Journal ArticleDOI
Orexins and Orexin Receptors: A Family of Hypothalamic Neuropeptides and G Protein-Coupled Receptors that Regulate Feeding Behavior
Takeshi Sakurai,Akira Amemiya,Makoto Ishii,Ichiyo Matsuzaki,Richard M. Chemelli,Hirokazu Tanaka,S. Clay Williams,James A. Richardson,Gerald P. Kozlowski,Shelagh Wilson,Jonathan R.S. Arch,Robin E. Buckingham,Andrea C. Haynes,Steven A. Carr,Roland S. Annan,Dean E. McNulty,Wu Schyong Liu,Jonathan A. Terrett,Nabil Elshourbagy,Derk J. Bergsma,Masashi Yanagisawa +20 more
TL;DR: Two novel neuropeptides are identified, both derived from the same precursor by proteolytic processing, that bind and activate two closely related (previously) orphan G protein-coupled receptors in the hypothalamus of rats.
Journal ArticleDOI
Weight-Reducing Effects of the Plasma Protein Encoded by the obese Gene
Jeffrey L. Halaas,Gajiwala Ketan,Margherita Maffei,Steven L. Cohen,Brian T. Chait,Daniel Rabinowitz,Roger Lallone,Stephen K. Burley,Jeffrey M. Friedman +8 more
TL;DR: Injection of wild-type mice twice daily with the mouse protein resulted in a sustained 12 percent weight loss, decreased food intake, and a reduction of body fat from 12.2 to 0.7 percent, suggesting that the OB protein serves an endocrine function to regulate body fat stores.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of the obese gene product on body weight regulation in ob/ob mice
Mary Ann Pelleymounter,Mary Jane Cullen,Mary Beth Baker,Randy Ira Hecht,Dwight Winters,Thomas C. Boone,Frank H. Collins +6 more
TL;DR: The data suggest that the OB protein regulates body weight and fat deposition through effects on metabolism and appetite.