Neutralizing antibody levels are highly predictive of immune protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.
David S. Khoury,Deborah Cromer,Arnold Reynaldi,Timothy E. Schlub,Timothy E. Schlub,Adam K. Wheatley,Jennifer A Juno,Kanta Subbarao,Stephen J. Kent,Stephen J. Kent,Stephen J. Kent,James A. Triccas,Miles P. Davenport +12 more
TLDR
It is shown that neutralization level is highly predictive of immune protection, and an evidence-based model of SARS-CoV-2 immune protection that will assist in developing vaccine strategies to control the future trajectory of the pandemic is provided.Abstract:
Predictive models of immune protection from COVID-19 are urgently needed to identify correlates of protection to assist in the future deployment of vaccines. To address this, we analyzed the relationship between in vitro neutralization levels and the observed protection from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection using data from seven current vaccines and from convalescent cohorts. We estimated the neutralization level for 50% protection against detectable SARS-CoV-2 infection to be 20.2% of the mean convalescent level (95% confidence interval (CI) = 14.4–28.4%). The estimated neutralization level required for 50% protection from severe infection was significantly lower (3% of the mean convalescent level; 95% CI = 0.7–13%, P = 0.0004). Modeling of the decay of the neutralization titer over the first 250 d after immunization predicts that a significant loss in protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection will occur, although protection from severe disease should be largely retained. Neutralization titers against some SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern are reduced compared with the vaccine strain, and our model predicts the relationship between neutralization and efficacy against viral variants. Here, we show that neutralization level is highly predictive of immune protection, and provide an evidence-based model of SARS-CoV-2 immune protection that will assist in developing vaccine strategies to control the future trajectory of the pandemic. Estimates of the levels of neutralizing antibodies necessary for protection against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 or severe COVID-19 are a fraction of the mean level in convalescent serum and will be useful in guiding vaccine rollouts.read more
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Longitudinal analysis of T cell receptor repertoires reveals shared patterns of antigen-specific response to SARS-CoV-2 infection
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TL;DR: In this paper , SARS-CoV-2 vaccines BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and Ad26.COV2.S were evaluated using an observational cohort study.
References
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Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine.
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Efficacy and Safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine.
Lindsey R. Baden,Hana M. El Sahly,Brandon Essink,Karen L. Kotloff,Sharon E. Frey,Rick Novak,David Diemert,Stephen A. Spector,Nadine Rouphael,C. Buddy Creech,John W McGettigan,Shishir Khetan,Nathan Segall,Joel Solis,Adam Brosz,Carlos Fierro,Howard J. Schwartz,Kathleen M. Neuzil,Lawrence Corey,Peter B. Gilbert,Holly Janes,Dean Follmann,Mary A. Marovich,John R. Mascola,Laura Polakowski,Julie E. Ledgerwood,Barney S. Graham,Hamilton Bennett,Rolando Pajon,Conor Knightly,Brett Leav,Weiping Deng,Honghong Zhou,Shu Liang Han,Melanie Ivarsson,Jacqueline Miller,Tal Z Zaks +36 more
TL;DR: The mRNA-1273 vaccine as discussed by the authors is a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA-based vaccine that encodes the prefusion stabilized full-length spike protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes Covid-19.
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An mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 — Preliminary Report
Lisa A. Jackson,Evan J. Anderson,Nadine Rouphael,Paul C. Roberts,Mamodikoe Makhene,Rhea N. Coler,Michele Paine McCullough,James D. Chappell,Mark R. Denison,Laura J. Stevens,Andrea J. Pruijssers,Adrian B. McDermott,Britta Flach,Nicole A. Doria-Rose,Kizzmekia S. Corbett,Kaitlyn M. Morabito,Sijy O’Dell,Stephen D. Schmidt,Phillip A. Swanson,Marcelino Padilla,John R. Mascola,Kathleen M. Neuzil,Hamilton Bennett,Wellington Sun,Etza Peters,Mat Makowski,Jim Albert,Kaitlyn Cross,Wendy Buchanan,Rhonda Pikaart-Tautges,Julie E. Ledgerwood,Barney S. Graham,John H. Beigel +32 more
TL;DR: The mRNA-1273 vaccine induced anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune responses in all participants, and no trial-limiting safety concerns were identified, which support further development of this vaccine.
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Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to 8 months after infection.
Jennifer M. Dan,Jennifer M. Dan,Jose Mateus,Yu Kato,Kathryn M. Hastie,Esther Dawen Yu,Caterina E. Faliti,Alba Grifoni,Sydney I. Ramirez,Sydney I. Ramirez,Sonya Haupt,April Frazier,Catherine Nakao,Vamseedhar Rayaprolu,Stephen A. Rawlings,Bjoern Peters,Bjoern Peters,Florian Krammer,Viviana Simon,Erica Ollmann Saphire,Erica Ollmann Saphire,Davey M. Smith,Daniela Weiskopf,Alessandro Sette,Alessandro Sette,Shane Crotty,Shane Crotty +26 more
TL;DR: This article analyzed multiple compartments of circulating immune memory to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 254 samples from 188 COVID-19 cases, including 43 samples at ≥ 6 months after infection.
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Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK.
Merryn Voysey,Clemens Sac.,Shabir A. Madhi,Lily Yin Weckx,P M Folegatti,Parvinder K. Aley,Brian Angus,Vicky L. Baillie,Shaun Barnabas,Q E Bhorat,S Bibi,Carmen Briner,P Cicconi,Andrea M. Collins,R Colin-Jones,Clare L. Cutland,Thomas C. Darton,Keertan Dheda,Duncan Cja.,Emary Krw.,Katie J. Ewer,Lee Fairlie,Saul N. Faust,Shuo Feng,Daniela M. Ferreira,Adam Finn,Anna Goodman,Catherine M. Green,Christopher A Green,Paul T. Heath,Christopher Hill,Helen Hill,Ian Hirsch,Hodgson Shc.,Allen Izu,S Jackson,D Jenkin,Joe Ccd.,S Kerridge,Anthonet Koen,Gaurav Kwatra,Rajeka Lazarus,Alison M. Lawrie,A Lelliott,Vincenzo Libri,Patrick J. Lillie,R Mallory,Mendes Ava.,Eveline Pipolo Milan,Angela M. Minassian,Alastair McGregor,Hazel Morrison,Y Mujadidi,Amit J Nana,P J O’Reilly,S D Padayachee,A Pittella,E Plested,Katrina M Pollock,M N Ramasamy,S Rhead,Alexandre Vargas Schwarzbold,Nisha Singh,Andrew Smith,R Song,Matthew D. Snape,Eduardo Sprinz,Rebecca K. Sutherland,R Tarrant,E. Thomson,M E Török,Mark Toshner,Turner Dpj.,Johan Vekemans,Tonya Villafana,Watson Mee.,C J Williams,Alexander D. Douglas,Hill Avs.,Teresa Lambe,Sarah C. Gilbert,Andrew J. Pollard +81 more