Neutralizing antibody levels are highly predictive of immune protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.
David S. Khoury,Deborah Cromer,Arnold Reynaldi,Timothy E. Schlub,Timothy E. Schlub,Adam K. Wheatley,Jennifer A Juno,Kanta Subbarao,Stephen J. Kent,Stephen J. Kent,Stephen J. Kent,James A. Triccas,Miles P. Davenport +12 more
TLDR
It is shown that neutralization level is highly predictive of immune protection, and an evidence-based model of SARS-CoV-2 immune protection that will assist in developing vaccine strategies to control the future trajectory of the pandemic is provided.Abstract:
Predictive models of immune protection from COVID-19 are urgently needed to identify correlates of protection to assist in the future deployment of vaccines. To address this, we analyzed the relationship between in vitro neutralization levels and the observed protection from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection using data from seven current vaccines and from convalescent cohorts. We estimated the neutralization level for 50% protection against detectable SARS-CoV-2 infection to be 20.2% of the mean convalescent level (95% confidence interval (CI) = 14.4–28.4%). The estimated neutralization level required for 50% protection from severe infection was significantly lower (3% of the mean convalescent level; 95% CI = 0.7–13%, P = 0.0004). Modeling of the decay of the neutralization titer over the first 250 d after immunization predicts that a significant loss in protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection will occur, although protection from severe disease should be largely retained. Neutralization titers against some SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern are reduced compared with the vaccine strain, and our model predicts the relationship between neutralization and efficacy against viral variants. Here, we show that neutralization level is highly predictive of immune protection, and provide an evidence-based model of SARS-CoV-2 immune protection that will assist in developing vaccine strategies to control the future trajectory of the pandemic. Estimates of the levels of neutralizing antibodies necessary for protection against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 or severe COVID-19 are a fraction of the mean level in convalescent serum and will be useful in guiding vaccine rollouts.read more
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Viral dynamics and duration of PCR positivity of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant
Jodie Hay,Stephen M Kissler,Joseph R. Fauver,Christina D. Mack,Caroline G. Tai,Radhika Samant,Sean V. Connelly,D. Anderson,Gaurav Khullar,Matthew MacKay,M. Patel,Scott Kelly,A. Manhertz,I. Eiter,Darwin F. Salgado,T F Baker,Brandon M. Howard,Joel T. Dudley,Christopher E. Mason,Diana Ho,Nathan D. Grubaugh,Yonatan H. Grad +21 more
TL;DR: While Omicron infections feature lower peak viral RNA and a shorter clearance phase than Delta infections on average, it is unclear to what extent these differences are attributable to more immunity in this largely vaccinated population or intrinsic characteristics of the Omicrons variant.
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Efficient recall of Omicron-reactive B cell memory after a third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine
Rishi R. Goel,Mark M. Painter,Kendall A. Lundgreen,Sokratis A. Apostolidis,Amy E. Baxter,Josephine R. Giles,Divij Mathew,Ajinkya Pattekar,Arnold Reynaldi,David S. Khoury,Sigrid Gouma,Philip Hicks,Sarah Dysinger,Amanda Hicks,H. Sharma,Sarah Herring,Scott Korte,Wumesh Kc,Derek A. Oldridge,Rachel Erickson,Madison E. Weirick,Christopher M McAllister,M. Awofolaju,Nicole Tanenbaum,Jeanette Dougherty,S. Long,Kurt D'Andrea,J. Hamilton,Maura McLaughlin,Justine C. Williams,Sharon Adamski,Oliva Kuthuru,E. M. Drapeau,Miles P. Davenport,Scott E. Hensley,Paul Bates,Allison R. Greenplate,E. John Wherry +37 more
TL;DR: Greaney et al. as mentioned in this paper examined antibody and memory B cell responses longitudinally for ∼9-10 months after primary 2-dose SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination and 3 months after a 3rd dose.
Journal ArticleDOI
SARS-CoV-2 infection generates tissue-localized immunological memory in humans.
Maya M.L. Poon,Ksenia Rybkina,Yu Kato,Masaru Kubota,Rei Matsumoto,Nathaniel I. Bloom,Zeli Zhang,Kathryn M. Hastie,Alba Grifoni,Daniela Weiskopf,Steven B. Wells,Basak Burcu Ural,Nora Lam,Peter A. Szabo,Pranay Dogra,Yoon S. Lee,Joshua I. Gray,Marissa C. Bradley,Maigan A. Brusko,Todd M. Brusko,Erica Ollmann Saphire,Thomas J. Connors,Alessandro Sette,Alessandro Sette,Shane Crotty,Shane Crotty,Donna L. Farber +26 more
TL;DR: Adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection have been extensively characterized in blood; however, most functions of protective immunity must be accomplished in tissues as discussed by the authors, and most of these functions must be performed in tissues.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antibody responses and correlates of protection in the general population after two doses of the ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 vaccines
Jia-mei Wei,Koen B. Pouwels,Nicole Stoesser,Philippa C Matthews,Ian Diamond,Ruth Studley,Emma Rourke,D. Cook,John I. Bell,John N Newton,Jeremy Farrar,Alison Howarth,Brian D. Marsden,Sarah Hoosdally,E Y Jones,David I. Stuart,Derrick W. Crook,Tim E. A. Peto,A. Sarah Walker,David W Eyre,Tina Thomas,Daniel Ayoubkhani,Russell C. Black,Anton Felton,M.J. Crees,Joel Jones,L. Lloyd,Esther Sutherland,Emma Pritchard,Karina-Doris Vihta,George Doherty,James Kavanagh,Kevin K Chau,Stephanie B Hatch,Daniel Ebner,Lucas Martins Ferreira,Thomas Christott,Wanwisa Dejnirattisai,Juthathip Mongkolsapaya,Sarah Cameron,Phoebe Tamblin-Hopper,Magda Wolna,Rachael Brown,Richard J. Cornall,Gavin R. Screaton,Katrina A. Lythgoe,David Bonsall,Tanya Golubchik,Helen R. Fryer,Stuart Cox,K Paddon,Tim James,Thomas M. Boyd Jason R. House,Julie V. Robotham,Paul J Birrell,H. Jordan,Tim Sheppard,Graham Athey,Daniel S. Moody,Leigh Curry,P. J. Brereton,Ian Jarvis,Anna Godsmark,George Morris,Bobby Mallick,Phil Eeles,Jodie Hay,Harper C VanSteenhouse,Jessica Lee,Sean A. White,Tim S. Evans,Lisa Bloemberg,Katie Allison,Anouska Pandya,Sophie Frances Davis,David I. Conway,Margaret MacLeod,Chris Cunningham +77 more
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated anti-spike IgG antibody responses and correlates of protection after second doses of ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 vaccines for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Journal ArticleDOI
Omicron spike function and neutralizing activity elicited by a comprehensive panel of vaccines
John E. Bowen,Amin Addetia,Ha V. Dang,Cameron Stewart,Jack T Brown,William K Sharkey,Kaitlin R. Sprouse,Alexandra C. Walls,Ignacio Mazzitelli,Jennifer Logue,Nicholas Franko,Nadine Czudnochowski,Abigail E. Powell,Exequiel Dellota,Kumail Ahmed,A. S. Ansari,Elisabetta Cameroni,Andrea Gori,Alessandra Bandera,Christine M. Posavad,Jennifer M. Dan,Zeli Zhang,Daniela Weiskopf,Alessandro Sette,Shane Crotty,Najeeha Talat Iqbal,Davide Corti,Jorge Geffner,Gyorgy Snell,Renata Grifantini,Helen Y. Chu,David Veesler +31 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that although Omicron sublineages evade polyclonal neutralizing antibody responses elicited by primary vaccine series, vaccine boosters may provide sufficient protection against Omicrons-induced severe disease.
References
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Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine.
Fernando P. Polack,Stephen J. Thomas,Nicholas Kitchin,Judith Absalon,Alejandra Gurtman,Stephen Lockhart,John L. Perez,Gonzalo Pérez Marc,Edson D. Moreira,Cristiano Zerbini,Ruth Bailey,Kena A. Swanson,Satrajit Roychoudhury,Kenneth Koury,Ping Li,Warren Kalina,David A. Cooper,Robert W. Frenck,Laura L. Hammitt,Özlem Türeci,Haylene Nell,Axel Schaefer,Serhat Ünal,Dina B. Tresnan,Susan Mather,Philip R. Dormitzer,Ugur Sahin,Kathrin U. Jansen,William C. Gruber +28 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK.
Merryn Voysey,Clemens Sac.,Shabir A. Madhi,Lily Yin Weckx,P M Folegatti,Parvinder K. Aley,Brian Angus,Vicky L. Baillie,Shaun Barnabas,Q E Bhorat,S Bibi,Carmen Briner,P Cicconi,Andrea M. Collins,R Colin-Jones,Clare L. Cutland,Thomas C. Darton,Keertan Dheda,Duncan Cja.,Emary Krw.,Katie J. Ewer,Lee Fairlie,Saul N. Faust,Shuo Feng,Daniela M. Ferreira,Adam Finn,Anna Goodman,Catherine M. Green,Christopher A Green,Paul T. Heath,Christopher Hill,Helen Hill,Ian Hirsch,Hodgson Shc.,Allen Izu,S Jackson,D Jenkin,Joe Ccd.,S Kerridge,Anthonet Koen,Gaurav Kwatra,Rajeka Lazarus,Alison M. Lawrie,A Lelliott,Vincenzo Libri,Patrick J. Lillie,R Mallory,Mendes Ava.,Eveline Pipolo Milan,Angela M. Minassian,Alastair McGregor,Hazel Morrison,Y Mujadidi,Amit J Nana,P J O’Reilly,S D Padayachee,A Pittella,E Plested,Katrina M Pollock,M N Ramasamy,S Rhead,Alexandre Vargas Schwarzbold,Nisha Singh,Andrew Smith,R Song,Matthew D. Snape,Eduardo Sprinz,Rebecca K. Sutherland,R Tarrant,E. Thomson,M E Török,Mark Toshner,Turner Dpj.,Johan Vekemans,Tonya Villafana,Watson Mee.,C J Williams,Alexander D. Douglas,Hill Avs.,Teresa Lambe,Sarah C. Gilbert,Andrew J. Pollard +81 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Efficacy and Safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine.
Lindsey R. Baden,Hana M. El Sahly,Brandon Essink,Karen L. Kotloff,Sharon E. Frey,Rick Novak,David Diemert,Stephen A. Spector,Nadine Rouphael,C. Buddy Creech,John W McGettigan,Shishir Khetan,Nathan Segall,Joel Solis,Adam Brosz,Carlos Fierro,Howard J. Schwartz,Kathleen M. Neuzil,Lawrence Corey,Peter B. Gilbert,Holly Janes,Dean Follmann,Mary A. Marovich,John R. Mascola,Laura Polakowski,Julie E. Ledgerwood,Barney S. Graham,Hamilton Bennett,Rolando Pajon,Conor Knightly,Brett Leav,Weiping Deng,Honghong Zhou,Shu Liang Han,Melanie Ivarsson,Jacqueline Miller,Tal Z Zaks +36 more
TL;DR: The mRNA-1273 vaccine as discussed by the authors is a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA-based vaccine that encodes the prefusion stabilized full-length spike protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes Covid-19.
Journal ArticleDOI
An mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 — Preliminary Report
Lisa A. Jackson,Evan J. Anderson,Nadine Rouphael,Paul C. Roberts,Mamodikoe Makhene,Rhea N. Coler,Michele Paine McCullough,James D. Chappell,Mark R. Denison,Laura J. Stevens,Andrea J. Pruijssers,Adrian B. McDermott,Britta Flach,Nicole A. Doria-Rose,Kizzmekia S. Corbett,Kaitlyn M. Morabito,Sijy O’Dell,Stephen D. Schmidt,Phillip A. Swanson,Marcelino Padilla,John R. Mascola,Kathleen M. Neuzil,Hamilton Bennett,Wellington Sun,Etza Peters,Mat Makowski,Jim Albert,Kaitlyn Cross,Wendy Buchanan,Rhonda Pikaart-Tautges,Julie E. Ledgerwood,Barney S. Graham,John H. Beigel +32 more
TL;DR: The mRNA-1273 vaccine induced anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune responses in all participants, and no trial-limiting safety concerns were identified, which support further development of this vaccine.
Journal ArticleDOI
Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to 8 months after infection.
Jennifer M. Dan,Jennifer M. Dan,Jose Mateus,Yu Kato,Kathryn M. Hastie,Esther Dawen Yu,Caterina E. Faliti,Alba Grifoni,Sydney I. Ramirez,Sydney I. Ramirez,Sonya Haupt,April Frazier,Catherine Nakao,Vamseedhar Rayaprolu,Stephen A. Rawlings,Bjoern Peters,Bjoern Peters,Florian Krammer,Viviana Simon,Erica Ollmann Saphire,Erica Ollmann Saphire,Davey M. Smith,Daniela Weiskopf,Alessandro Sette,Alessandro Sette,Shane Crotty,Shane Crotty +26 more
TL;DR: This article analyzed multiple compartments of circulating immune memory to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 254 samples from 188 COVID-19 cases, including 43 samples at ≥ 6 months after infection.
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Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK.
Merryn Voysey,Clemens Sac.,Shabir A. Madhi,Lily Yin Weckx,P M Folegatti,Parvinder K. Aley,Brian Angus,Vicky L. Baillie,Shaun Barnabas,Q E Bhorat,S Bibi,Carmen Briner,P Cicconi,Andrea M. Collins,R Colin-Jones,Clare L. Cutland,Thomas C. Darton,Keertan Dheda,Duncan Cja.,Emary Krw.,Katie J. Ewer,Lee Fairlie,Saul N. Faust,Shuo Feng,Daniela M. Ferreira,Adam Finn,Anna Goodman,Catherine M. Green,Christopher A Green,Paul T. Heath,Christopher Hill,Helen Hill,Ian Hirsch,Hodgson Shc.,Allen Izu,S Jackson,D Jenkin,Joe Ccd.,S Kerridge,Anthonet Koen,Gaurav Kwatra,Rajeka Lazarus,Alison M. Lawrie,A Lelliott,Vincenzo Libri,Patrick J. Lillie,R Mallory,Mendes Ava.,Eveline Pipolo Milan,Angela M. Minassian,Alastair McGregor,Hazel Morrison,Y Mujadidi,Amit J Nana,P J O’Reilly,S D Padayachee,A Pittella,E Plested,Katrina M Pollock,M N Ramasamy,S Rhead,Alexandre Vargas Schwarzbold,Nisha Singh,Andrew Smith,R Song,Matthew D. Snape,Eduardo Sprinz,Rebecca K. Sutherland,R Tarrant,E. Thomson,M E Török,Mark Toshner,Turner Dpj.,Johan Vekemans,Tonya Villafana,Watson Mee.,C J Williams,Alexander D. Douglas,Hill Avs.,Teresa Lambe,Sarah C. Gilbert,Andrew J. Pollard +81 more