Physical exercise-induced hippocampal neurogenesis and antidepressant effects are mediated by the adipocyte hormone adiponectin
Suk Yu Yau,Ang Li,Ruby L. C. Hoo,Yick-Pang Ching,Brian R. Christie,Tatia M.C. Lee,Aimin Xu,Kwok-Fai So +7 more
TLDR
It is shown that ADN could pass through the blood–brain barrier, and elevating its levels in the brain increased cell proliferation and decreased depression-like behaviors and the possibility that adiponectin and its agonists may represent a promising therapeutic treatment for depression is raised.Abstract:
Adiponectin (ADN) is an adipocyte-secreted protein with insulin-sensitizing, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, and antiatherogenic properties. Evidence is also accumulating that ADN has neuroprotective activities, yet the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here we show that ADN could pass through the blood–brain barrier, and elevating its levels in the brain increased cell proliferation and decreased depression-like behaviors. ADN deficiency did not reduce the basal hippocampal neurogenesis or neuronal differentiation but diminished the effectiveness of exercise in increasing hippocampal neurogenesis. Furthermore, exercise-induced reduction in depression-like behaviors was abrogated in ADN-deficient mice, and this impairment in ADN-deficient mice was accompanied by defective running-induced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the hippocampal tissue. In vitro analyses indicated that ADN itself could increase cell proliferation of both hippocampal progenitor cells and Neuro2a neuroblastoma cells. The neurogenic effects of ADN were mediated by the ADN receptor 1 (ADNR1), because siRNA targeting ADNR1, but not ADNR2, inhibited the capacity of ADN to enhance cell proliferation. These data suggest that adiponectin may play a significant role in mediating the effects of exercise on hippocampal neurogenesis and depression, possibly by activation of the ADNR1/AMPK signaling pathways, and also raise the possibility that adiponectin and its agonists may represent a promising therapeutic treatment for depression.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Running-Induced Systemic Cathepsin B Secretion Is Associated with Memory Function.
Hyo Youl Moon,Andreas Becke,David Berron,Benjamin Becker,Nirnath Sah,Galit Benoni,Emma Janke,Susan T. Lubejko,Nigel H. Greig,Julie A. Mattison,Emrah Düzel,Emrah Düzel,Henriette van Praag +12 more
TL;DR: It is shown that a muscle secretory factor, cathepsin B (CTSB) protein, is important for the cognitive and neurogenic benefits of running, and CTSB as a mediator of effects of exercise on cognition is suggested.
Journal ArticleDOI
The effects of aging in the hippocampus and cognitive decline.
TL;DR: Non‐invasive strategies such as caloric restriction, physical exercise, and environmental enrichment have been shown to counteract many of the age‐induced alterations in hippocampal signalling, structure, and function, and such approaches may have therapeutic value in counteracting the deleterious effects of aging and protecting the brain against age‐associated neurodegenerative processes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Physical activity and muscle-brain crosstalk.
TL;DR: Evidence is described that supports the existence of a muscle–brain endocrine loop, in which muscle-induced peripheral factors enable direct crosstalk between muscle and brain function, as well as implicated in mediating the exercise-induced beneficial impact on neurogenesis, cognitive function, appetite and metabolism.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exerkines in health, resilience and disease
Lisa S. Chow,Robert E. Gerszten,Joan M. Taylor,Bente Klarlund Pedersen,Henriette van Praag,Scott Trappe,Mark A. Febbraio,Zorina S. Galis,Yunling Gao,Jacob M. Haus,Ian R. Lanza,Carl J. Lavie,Chih Hao Lee,Alejandro Lucia,Cedric Moro,Ambarish Pandey,Jeremy M. Robbins,Kristin I. Stanford,Alice E. Thackray,Saul A. Villeda,Matthew J. Watt,Ashley Y. Xia,Juleen R. Zierath,Bret H. Goodpaster,Michael P. Snyder +24 more
TL;DR: Exerkines are signalling moieties released in response to acute and/or chronic exercise, which exert their effects through endocrine, paracrine and or autocrine pathways as discussed by the authors .
Journal ArticleDOI
Depression and adult neurogenesis: Positive effects of the antidepressant fluoxetine and of physical exercise
TL;DR: Two neurogenic stimuli, fluoxetine and physical exercise, both endowed with the ability to activate adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, known to be required for learning and memory, are discussed, both able to counteract depression.
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