Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters
Nabila Aghanim,Yashar Akrami,Yashar Akrami,Yashar Akrami,M. Ashdown,J. Aumont,Carlo Baccigalupi,Mario Ballardini,Mario Ballardini,A. J. Banday,A. J. Banday,R. B. Barreiro,N. Bartolo,N. Bartolo,S. Basak,Richard A. Battye,K. Benabed,J.-P. Bernard,J.-P. Bernard,Marco Bersanelli,Marco Bersanelli,P. Bielewicz,James J. Bock,J. R. Bond,Julian Borrill,Julian Borrill,François R. Bouchet,F. Boulanger,F. Boulanger,F. Boulanger,M. Bucher,M. Bucher,Carlo Burigana,Carlo Burigana,R. C. Butler,Erminia Calabrese,Jean-François Cardoso,Julien Carron,Anthony Challinor,H. C. Chiang,H. C. Chiang,Jens Chluba,L. P. L. Colombo,C. Combet,D. Contreras,B. P. Crill,F. Cuttaia,P. de Bernardis,G. de Zotti,Jacques Delabrouille,J.-M. Delouis,E. Di Valentino,Jose M. Diego,Olivier Doré,Marian Douspis,A. Ducout,X. Dupac,S. Dusini,George Efstathiou,Franz Elsner,Torsten A. Enßlin,H. K. Eriksen,Yabebal Fantaye,Yabebal Fantaye,Marzieh Farhang,James R. Fergusson,R. Fernandez-Cobos,Fabio Finelli,Francesco Forastieri,M. Frailis,A. A. Fraisse,E. Franceschi,Andrei V. Frolov,S. Galeotta,S. Galli,K. Ganga,Ricardo Genova-Santos,Ricardo Genova-Santos,Martina Gerbino,Tuhin Ghosh,Tuhin Ghosh,J. González-Nuevo,Krzysztof M. Gorski,Krzysztof M. Gorski,Serge Gratton,Alessandro Gruppuso,Jon E. Gudmundsson,Jon E. Gudmundsson,Jan Hamann,Will Handley,F. K. Hansen,D. Herranz,S. R. Hildebrandt,E. Hivon,Zhiqi Huang,Andrew H. Jaffe,W. C. Jones,A. Karakci,E. Keihänen,Reijo Keskitalo,K. Kiiveri,K. Kiiveri,J. Kim,Theodore Kisner,Lloyd Knox,Nicoletta Krachmalnicoff,Martin Kunz,Martin Kunz,Martin Kunz,Hannu Kurki-Suonio,Hannu Kurki-Suonio,Guilaine Lagache,J.-M. Lamarre,Anthony Lasenby,Mario G. Lattanzi,Charles R. Lawrence,M. Le Jeune,P. Lemos,Julien Lesgourgues,François Levrier,Antony Lewis,Michele Liguori,Michele Liguori,P. B. Lilje,M. Lilley,V. Lindholm,V. Lindholm,M. López-Caniego,Philip Lubin,Yin-Zhe Ma,Yin-Zhe Ma,J. F. Macías-Pérez,G. Maggio,Davide Maino,Davide Maino,N. Mandolesi,N. Mandolesi,A. Mangilli,A. Marcos-Caballero,M. Maris,Peter G. Martin,Matteo Martinelli,E. Martínez-González,Sabino Matarrese,Sabino Matarrese,N. Mauri,Jason D. McEwen,Peter Meinhold,Alessandro Melchiorri,A. Mennella,A. Mennella,M. Migliaccio,Marius Millea,Marius Millea,Marius Millea,Subhabrata Mitra,Subhabrata Mitra,M.-A. Miville-Deschênes,M.-A. Miville-Deschênes,Diego Molinari,Diego Molinari,L. Montier,L. Montier,Gianluca Morgante,Adam Moss,Paolo Natoli,Paolo Natoli,Hans Ulrik Nørgaard-Nielsen,L. Pagano,L. Pagano,D. Paoletti,Bruce Partridge,G. Patanchon,Hiranya V. Peiris,Francesca Perrotta,Valeria Pettorino,F. Piacentini,L. Polastri,G. Polenta,J.-L. Puget,J.-L. Puget,Jörg P. Rachen,M. Reinecke,Mathieu Remazeilles,A. Renzi,Graca Rocha,C. Rosset,G. Roudier,G. Roudier,G. Roudier,Jose Alberto Rubino-Martin,Jose Alberto Rubino-Martin,B. Ruiz-Granados,B. Ruiz-Granados,L. Salvati,M. Sandri,M. Savelainen,M. Savelainen,M. Savelainen,Douglas Scott,E. P. S. Shellard,C. Sirignano,C. Sirignano,G. Sirri,Locke D. Spencer,R. A. Sunyaev,R. A. Sunyaev,A.-S. Suur-Uski,A.-S. Suur-Uski,J. A. Tauber,D. Tavagnacco,D. Tavagnacco,M. Tenti,L. Toffolatti,L. Toffolatti,M. Tomasi,M. Tomasi,Tiziana Trombetti,Luca Valenziano,J. Valiviita,J. Valiviita,B. Van Tent,L. Vibert,L. Vibert,P. Vielva,Fabrizio Villa,Nicola Vittorio,Benjamin D. Wandelt,Ingunn Kathrine Wehus,Martin White,Simon D. M. White,Andrea Zacchei,Andrea Zonca +232 more
TLDR
In this article, the authors present cosmological parameter results from the full-mission Planck measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies, combining information from the temperature and polarization maps and the lensing reconstruction.Abstract:
We present cosmological parameter results from the final full-mission Planck measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies, combining information from the temperature and polarization maps and the lensing reconstruction Compared to the 2015 results, improved measurements of large-scale polarization allow the reionization optical depth to be measured with higher precision, leading to significant gains in the precision of other correlated parameters Improved modelling of the small-scale polarization leads to more robust constraints on manyparameters,withresidualmodellinguncertaintiesestimatedtoaffectthemonlyatthe05σlevelWefindgoodconsistencywiththestandard spatially-flat6-parameter ΛCDMcosmologyhavingapower-lawspectrumofadiabaticscalarperturbations(denoted“base ΛCDM”inthispaper), from polarization, temperature, and lensing, separately and in combination A combined analysis gives dark matter density Ωch2 = 0120±0001, baryon density Ωbh2 = 00224±00001, scalar spectral index ns = 0965±0004, and optical depth τ = 0054±0007 (in this abstract we quote 68% confidence regions on measured parameters and 95% on upper limits) The angular acoustic scale is measured to 003% precision, with 100θ∗ = 10411±00003Theseresultsareonlyweaklydependentonthecosmologicalmodelandremainstable,withsomewhatincreasederrors, in many commonly considered extensions Assuming the base-ΛCDM cosmology, the inferred (model-dependent) late-Universe parameters are: HubbleconstantH0 = (674±05)kms−1Mpc−1;matterdensityparameterΩm = 0315±0007;andmatterfluctuationamplitudeσ8 = 0811±0006 We find no compelling evidence for extensions to the base-ΛCDM model Combining with baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements (and consideringsingle-parameterextensions)weconstraintheeffectiveextrarelativisticdegreesoffreedomtobe Neff = 299±017,inagreementwith the Standard Model prediction Neff = 3046, and find that the neutrino mass is tightly constrained toPmν < 012 eV The CMB spectra continue to prefer higher lensing amplitudesthan predicted in base ΛCDM at over 2σ, which pulls some parameters that affect thelensing amplitude away from the ΛCDM model; however, this is not supported by the lensing reconstruction or (in models that also change the background geometry) BAOdataThejointconstraintwithBAOmeasurementsonspatialcurvatureisconsistentwithaflatuniverse, ΩK = 0001±0002Alsocombining with Type Ia supernovae (SNe), the dark-energy equation of state parameter is measured to be w0 = −103±003, consistent with a cosmological constant We find no evidence for deviations from a purely power-law primordial spectrum, and combining with data from BAO, BICEP2, and Keck Array data, we place a limit on the tensor-to-scalar ratio r0002 < 006 Standard big-bang nucleosynthesis predictions for the helium and deuterium abundances for the base-ΛCDM cosmology are in excellent agreement with observations The Planck base-ΛCDM results are in good agreement with BAO, SNe, and some galaxy lensing observations, but in slight tension with the Dark Energy Survey’s combined-probe results including galaxy clustering (which prefers lower fluctuation amplitudes or matter density parameters), and in significant, 36σ, tension with local measurements of the Hubble constant (which prefer a higher value) Simple model extensions that can partially resolve these tensions are not favoured by the Planck dataread more
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Planck 2018 results: XI. Polarized dust foregrounds
Yashar Akrami,Yashar Akrami,M. Ashdown,J. Aumont,Carlo Baccigalupi,Mario Ballardini,Mario Ballardini,A. J. Banday,A. J. Banday,R. B. Barreiro,Nicola Bartolo,Nicola Bartolo,Soumen Basak,K. Benabed,J.-P. Bernard,J.-P. Bernard,Marco Bersanelli,Marco Bersanelli,P. Bielewicz,P. Bielewicz,P. Bielewicz,J. R. Bond,Julian Borrill,Julian Borrill,François R. Bouchet,F. Boulanger,F. Boulanger,F. Boulanger,Andrea Bracco,Andrea Bracco,M. Bucher,M. Bucher,Carlo Burigana,Carlo Burigana,Erminia Calabrese,Jean-François Cardoso,Julien Carron,H. C. Chiang,H. C. Chiang,C. Combet,B. P. Crill,P. de Bernardis,G. de Zotti,G. de Zotti,Jacques Delabrouille,J.-M. Delouis,E. Di Valentino,Clive Dickinson,Jose M. Diego,A. Ducout,X. Dupac,George Efstathiou,Franz Elsner,Torsten A. Enßlin,Edith Falgarone,Yabebal Fantaye,Yabebal Fantaye,Katia Ferrière,Katia Ferrière,Fabio Finelli,Francesco Forastieri,M. Frailis,A. A. Fraisse,E. Franceschi,Andrei V. Frolov,S. Galeotta,S. Galli,K. Ganga,Ricardo Genova-Santos,Ricardo Genova-Santos,Tuhin Ghosh,Tuhin Ghosh,J. González-Nuevo,Krzysztof M. Gorski,Krzysztof M. Gorski,Alessandro Gruppuso,Jon E. Gudmundsson,Jon E. Gudmundsson,Vincent Guillet,Vincent Guillet,Will Handley,F. K. Hansen,D. Herranz,Zhiqi Huang,Andrew H. Jaffe,W. C. Jones,E. Keihänen,Reijo Keskitalo,K. Kiiveri,K. Kiiveri,J. B. Kim,Nicoletta Krachmalnicoff,Martin Kunz,Martin Kunz,Martin Kunz,Hannu Kurki-Suonio,Hannu Kurki-Suonio,J.-M. Lamarre,Anthony Lasenby,M. Le Jeune,François Levrier,Michele Liguori,Michele Liguori,P. B. Lilje,V. Lindholm,V. Lindholm,M. López-Caniego,Philip Lubin,Yin-Zhe Ma,Yin-Zhe Ma,J. F. Macías-Pérez,Gianmarco Maggio,Davide Maino,Davide Maino,N. Mandolesi,N. Mandolesi,A. Mangilli,Peter G. Martin,E. Martínez-González,Sabino Matarrese,Sabino Matarrese,Jason D. McEwen,Peter Meinhold,Alessandro Melchiorri,M. Migliaccio,M. Migliaccio,M.-A. Miville-Deschênes,M.-A. Miville-Deschênes,Diego Molinari,Diego Molinari,A. Moneti,L. Montier,L. Montier,Gianluca Morgante,Paolo Natoli,Paolo Natoli,L. Pagano,L. Pagano,D. Paoletti,Valeria Pettorino,F. Piacentini,G. Polenta,J.-L. Puget,J.-L. Puget,Jörg P. Rachen,M. Reinecke,Mathieu Remazeilles,A. Renzi,Graca Rocha,C. Rosset,G. Roudier,G. Roudier,G. Roudier,Jose Alberto Rubino-Martin,Jose Alberto Rubino-Martin,B. Ruiz-Granados,B. Ruiz-Granados,L. Salvati,M. Sandri,M. Savelainen,M. Savelainen,M. Savelainen,Douglas Scott,Juan D. Soler,Locke D. Spencer,J. A. Tauber,D. Tavagnacco,D. Tavagnacco,L. Toffolatti,L. Toffolatti,M. Tomasi,M. Tomasi,Tiziana Trombetti,J. Valiviita,J. Valiviita,F. Vansyngel,B. Van Tent,P. Vielva,Fabrizio Villa,Nicola Vittorio,Ingunn Kathrine Wehus,Ingunn Kathrine Wehus,Andrea Zacchei,Andrea Zonca +183 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a power-law fit to the angular power spectra of dust polarization at 353 GHz for six nested sky regions covering from 24 to 71 % of the sky is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Large Magellanic Cloud Cepheid Standards Provide a 1% Foundation for the Determination of the Hubble Constant and Stronger Evidence for Physics Beyond LambdaCDM
TL;DR: In this paper, an improved determination of the Hubble constant (H0) from HST observations of 70 long-period Cepheids in the Large Magellanic Cloud was presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
In the realm of the Hubble tension - a review of solutions
Eleonora Di Valentino,Olga Mena,Supriya Pan,Luca Visinelli,Weiqiang Yang,Alessandro Melchiorri,David F. Mota,Adam G. Riess,Adam G. Riess,Joseph Silk,Joseph Silk,Joseph Silk +11 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a thorough review of recent Hubble constant estimates and a summary of the proposed theoretical solutions, including early or dynamical dark energy, neutrino interactions, interacting cosmologies, primordial magnetic fields, and modified gravity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: cosmological implications from two decades of spectroscopic surveys at the Apache Point Observatory
Shadab Alam,Marie Aubert,Santiago Avila,Christophe Balland,Julian E. Bautista,Matthew A. Bershady,Matthew A. Bershady,Dmitry Bizyaev,Dmitry Bizyaev,Michael R. Blanton,Adam S. Bolton,Jo Bovy,Jonathan Brinkmann,Joel R. Brownstein,Etienne Burtin,Solène Chabanier,Michael J. Chapman,Peter Doohyun Choi,Chia-Hsun Chuang,Johan Comparat,M. C. Cousinou,Andrei Cuceu,Kyle S. Dawson,Sylvain de la Torre,Arnaud de Mattia,Victoria de Sainte Agathe,Hélion du Mas des Bourboux,Stephanie Escoffier,Thomas Etourneau,James Farr,Andreu Font-Ribera,Peter M. Frinchaboy,S. Fromenteau,Héctor Gil-Marín,Jean Marc Le Goff,Alma X. Gonzalez-Morales,Alma X. Gonzalez-Morales,Violeta Gonzalez-Perez,Violeta Gonzalez-Perez,Kathleen Grabowski,Julien Guy,Adam J. Hawken,Jiamin Hou,Hui Kong,James C. Parker,Mark A. Klaene,Jean-Paul Kneib,Sicheng Lin,Daniel Long,Brad W. Lyke,Axel de la Macorra,Paul Martini,Karen L. Masters,Faizan G. Mohammad,Jeongin Moon,Eva Maria Mueller,Andrea Muñoz-Gutiérrez,Adam D. Myers,Seshadri Nadathur,Richard Neveux,Jeffrey A. Newman,P. Noterdaeme,Audrey Oravetz,Daniel Oravetz,Nathalie Palanque-Delabrouille,Kaike Pan,Romain Paviot,Will J. Percival,Will J. Percival,Ignasi Pérez-Ràfols,Patrick Petitjean,Matthew M. Pieri,Abhishek Prakash,Anand Raichoor,Corentin Ravoux,Mehdi Rezaie,J. Rich,Ashley J. Ross,Graziano Rossi,Rossana Ruggeri,Rossana Ruggeri,V. Ruhlmann-Kleider,Ariel G. Sánchez,F. Javier Sánchez,José R. Sánchez-Gallego,Conor Sayres,Donald P. Schneider,Hee-Jong Seo,Arman Shafieloo,Anže Slosar,Alex Smith,Julianna Stermer,Amélie Tamone,Jeremy L. Tinker,Rita Tojeiro,Mariana Vargas-Magaña,Andrei Variu,Yuting Wang,Benjamin A. Weaver,Anne-Marie Weijmans,C. Yeche,Pauline Zarrouk,Pauline Zarrouk,Cheng Zhao,Gong-Bo Zhao,Zheng Zheng +105 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the cosmological implications from final measurements of clustering using galaxies, quasars, and Lyα forests from the completed SDSS lineage of experiments in large-scale structure.
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Science Case for the Einstein Telescope
Michele Maggiore,Chris Van Den Broeck,Nicola Bartolo,Nicola Bartolo,Enis Belgacem,Daniele Bertacca,M. A. Bizouard,Marica Branchesi,Sebastien Clesse,Sebastien Clesse,Stefano Foffa,Juan Garcia-Bellido,Stefan Grimm,Jan Harms,Tanja Hinderer,Sabino Matarrese,C. Palomba,Marco Peloso,Angelo Ricciardone,Mairi Sakellariadou +19 more
TL;DR: The Einstein Telescope (ET) as mentioned in this paper is a proposed European ground-based gravitational-wave detector of third-generation, which is an evolution of second-generation detectors such as Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo, and KAGRA.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Planck 2015 results. I. Overview of products and scientific results
R. Adam,Peter A. R. Ade,Nabila Aghanim,Yashar Akrami,M. I. R. Alves,Monique Arnaud,Frederico Arroja,J. Aumont,Carlo Baccigalupi,Mario Ballardini,A. J. Banday,R. B. Barreiro,J. G. Bartlett,N. Bartolo,Soumen Basak,P. Battaglia,E. Battaner,Richard A. Battye,K. Benabed,Alain Benoit,A. Benoit-Lévy,J.-P. Bernard,Marco Bersanelli,B. Bertincourt,P. Bielewicz,Anna Bonaldi,Laura Bonavera,J. R. Bond,Julian Borrill,François R. Bouchet,F. Boulanger,M. Bucher,Carlo Burigana,R. C. Butler,Erminia Calabrese,Jean-François Cardoso,P. Carvalho,B. Casaponsa,G. Castex,A. Catalano,Anthony Challinor,A. Chamballu,R.-R. Chary,H. C. Chiang,Jens Chluba,P. R. Christensen,Sarah E. Church,M. S. Clemens,David L. Clements,S. Colombi,L. P. L. Colombo,C. Combet,B. Comis,D. Contreras,F. Couchot,A. Coulais,B. P. Crill,M. Cruz,A. Curto,F. Cuttaia,Luigi Danese,R. D. Davies,R. J. Davis,P. de Bernardis,A. de Rosa,G. de Zotti,Jacques Delabrouille,J.-M. Delouis,F.-X. Désert,E. Di Valentino,Clive Dickinson,Jose M. Diego,Klaus Dolag,H. Dole,S. Donzelli,Olivier Doré,Marian Douspis,A. Ducout,Jo Dunkley,X. Dupac,George Efstathiou,Peter Eisenhardt,F. Elsner,Torsten A. Enßlin,H. K. Eriksen,E. Falgarone,Yabebal Fantaye,Marzieh Farhang,Stephen M. Feeney,James R. Fergusson,R. Fernandez-Cobos,Farhan Feroz,Fabio Finelli,Estrella Florido,Olivier Forni,M. Frailis,A. A. Fraisse,Cristian Franceschet,E. Franceschi,A. Frejsel,Andrei V. Frolov,S. Galeotta,S. Galli,K. Ganga,C. Gauthier,Ricardo Génova-Santos,Martina Gerbino,Tuhin Ghosh,M. Giard,Y. Giraud-Héraud,Elena Giusarma,E. Gjerløw,J. González-Nuevo,Krzysztof M. Gorski,Keith Grainge,Serge Gratton,A. Gregorio,Alessandro Gruppuso,Jon E. Gudmundsson,Jan Hamann,Will Handley,F. K. Hansen,Duncan Hanson,D. L. Harrison,Alan Heavens,George Helou,Sophie Henrot-Versille,C. Hernández-Monteagudo,D. Herranz,S. R. Hildebrandt,E. Hivon,Michael P. Hobson,W. A. Holmes,Allan Hornstrup,W. Hovest,Zhiqi Huang,Kevin M. Huffenberger,G. Hurier,S. Ilić,Andrew H. Jaffe,T. R. Jaffe,T. Jin,W. C. Jones,Mika Juvela,A. Karakci,E. Keihänen,Reijo Keskitalo,K. Kiiveri,J. B. Kim,Theodore Kisner,R. Kneissl,J. Knoche,N. Krachmalnicoff,Martin Kunz,Hannu Kurki-Suonio,F. Lacasa,Guilaine Lagache,Anne Lähteenmäki,J.-M. Lamarre,Mathieu Langer,Anthony Lasenby,Massimiliano Lattanzi,Charles R. Lawrence,M. Le Jeune,J. P. Leahy,E. Lellouch,R. Leonardi,J. Leon-Tavares,Julien Lesgourgues,François Levrier,Antony Lewis,Michele Liguori,P. B. Lilje,M. Linden-Vørnle,V. Lindholm,Hao Liu,M. López-Caniego,Philip Lubin,Yin-Zhe Ma,J. F. Macías-Pérez,G. Maggio,D. S. Y. Mak,N. Mandolesi,A. Mangilli,A. Marchini,A. Marcos-Caballero,Domenico Marinucci,D. J. Marshall,Peter G. Martin,M. Martinelli,E. Martínez-González,Silvia Masi,Sabino Matarrese,Pasquale Mazzotta,Jason D. McEwen,P. McGehee,Simona Mei,Peter Meinhold,Alessandro Melchiorri,J.-B. Melin,L. Mendes,A. Mennella,M. Migliaccio,K. Mikkelsen,Subhabrata Mitra,M.-A. Miville-Deschênes,D. Molinari,A. Moneti,L. Montier,R. Moreno,Gianluca Morgante,Daniel J. Mortlock,Adam Moss,S. Mottet,M. Müenchmeyer,Dipak Munshi,J. A. Murphy,Ali Narimani,Pavel Naselsky,A. Nastasi,Federico Nati,Paolo Natoli,M. Negrello,Calvin B. Netterfield,Hans Ulrik Nørgaard-Nielsen,F. Noviello,Dmitry Novikov,I. D. Novikov,M. Olamaie,Niels Oppermann,E. Orlando,C. A. Oxborrow,F. Paci,L. Pagano,F. Pajot,R. Paladini,S. Pandolfi,Daniela Paoletti,B. Partridge,F. Pasian,G. Patanchon,T. J. Pearson,Michael W. Peel,H. V. Peiris,V. M. Pelkonen,O. Perdereau,L. Perotto,Y. C. Perrott,Francesca Perrotta,Valeria Pettorino,F. Piacentini,M. Piat,E. Pierpaoli,Davide Pietrobon,Stéphane Plaszczynski,Dmitry Pogosyan,Etienne Pointecouteau,G. Polenta,L. Popa,G. W. Pratt,G. Prézeau,Simon Prunet,J.-L. Puget,Jörg P. Rachen,B. Racine,William T. Reach,Rafael Rebolo,M. Reinecke,Mathieu Remazeilles,C. Renault,A. Renzi,I. Ristorcelli,Graca Rocha,Matthieu Roman,E. Romelli,C. Rosset,M. Rossetti,Aditya Rotti,G. Roudier,B. Rouillé d'Orfeuil,Michael Rowan-Robinson,Jose Alberto Rubino-Martin,B. Ruiz-Granados,Clare Rumsey,Ben Rusholme,Najla Said,Valentina Salvatelli,L. Salvati,M. Sandri,H. S. Sanghera,D. Santos,Richard D. E. Saunders,A. Sauvé,M. Savelainen,Giorgio Savini,Bjoern Malte Schaefer,Michel P. Schammel,Douglas Scott,Michael Seiffert,Paolo Serra,E. P. S. Shellard,Timothy W. Shimwell,Maresuke Shiraishi,Kendrick M. Smith,Tarun Souradeep,Locke D. Spencer,M. Spinelli,S. A. Stanford,Daniel Stern,V. Stolyarov,R. Stompor,Andrew W. Strong,R. Sudiwala,R. A. Sunyaev,Paul M. Sutter,D. Sutton,A.-S. Suur-Uski,J.-F. Sygnet,J. A. Tauber,Daniele Tavagnacco,Luca Terenzi,D. Texier,L. Toffolatti,M. Tomasi,Merja Tornikoski,M. Tristram,A. Troja,T. Trombetti,M. Tucci,J. Tuovinen,M. Turler,G. Umana,Luca Valenziano,Jussi-Pekka Väliviita,B. Van Tent,T. Vassallo,M. Vidal,Matteo Viel,P. Vielva,Fabrizio Villa,L. A. Wade,B. Walter,Benjamin D. Wandelt,Robert A. Watson,Ingunn Kathrine Wehus,Niraj Welikala,Jochen Weller,Martin White,S. D. M. White,Althea Wilkinson,D. Yvon,Andrea Zacchei,J. P. Zibin,Andrea Zonca +353 more
TL;DR: The European Space Agency's Planck satellite, dedicated to studying the early Universe and its subsequent evolution, was launched 14~May 2009 and scanned the microwave and submillimetre sky continuously between 12~August 2009 and 23~October 2013 as discussed by the authors.
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