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Journal ArticleDOI

The Power of Feedback

John Hattie, +1 more
- 01 Mar 2007 - 
- Vol. 77, Iss: 1, pp 81-112
TLDR
This paper provided a conceptual analysis of feedback and reviewed the evidence related to its impact on learning and achievement, and suggested ways in which feedback can be used to enhance its effectiveness in classrooms.
Abstract
Feedback is one of the most powerful influences on learning and achievement, but this impact can be either positive or negative. Its power is frequently mentioned in articles about learning and teaching, but surprisingly few recent studies have systematically investigated its meaning. This article provides a conceptual analysis of feedback and reviews the evidence related to its impact on learning and achievement. This evidence shows that although feedback is among the major influences, the type of feedback and the way it is given can be differentially effective. A model of feedback is then proposed that identifies the particular properties and circumstances that make it effective, and some typically thorny issues are discussed, including the timing of feedback and the effects of positive and negative feedback. Finally, this analysis is used to suggest ways in which feedback can be used to enhance its effectiveness in classrooms.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

‘Only true friends could be cruelly honest’: cognitive scaffolding and social-affective support in teacher feedback literacy

TL;DR: In this article, a case study addressed both processes and products of a Chinese university English teacher's feedback enabling practice by involving students in peer feedback on oral presentations, where data from classroom observations and interviews reveal various strategies of cognitive scaffolding and social-affective support.
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Model-eliciting activities: assessing engineering student problem solving and skill integration processes

TL;DR: The original MEA construct developed by mathematics education researchers is extended to upper-level engineering coursework and an ethical component is introduced and it is proposed that MEAs offer engineering educators at least two potential benefits: improved conceptual understanding and a means for assessing the problem solving process.
Journal ArticleDOI

Motivating User-Generated Content with Performance Feedback: Evidence from Randomized Field Experiments

TL;DR: Evidence is found that cooperatively framed feedback is most effective for motivating female subjects, whereas competitively framed feedback are most effective at motivating male subjects.
Journal ArticleDOI

Educational Games as a Teaching Tool in Pharmacy Curriculum

TL;DR: The aim of this paper is to review educational games adopted in different pharmacy schools and to aid educators in replicating the successfully implemented games and overcoming deficiencies in educational games.
Journal ArticleDOI

Is no praise good praise? Effects of positive feedback on children's and university students' responses to subsequent failures.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that process feedback may not be inherently positive; instead person feedback seems particularly detrimental.
References
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Book

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TL;DR: This chapter discusses the development of Causality Orientations Theory, a theory of personality Influences on Motivation, and its application in information-Processing Theories.
Journal ArticleDOI

Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency

TL;DR: The centrality of the self-efficacy mechanism in human agency is discussed in this paper, where the influential role of perceived collective effi- cacy in social change is analyzed, as are the social con- ditions conducive to development of collective inefficacy.
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Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory

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Journal ArticleDOI

Motivation through the Design of Work: Test of a Theory.

TL;DR: In this paper, a model is proposed that specifies the conditions under which individuals will become internally motivated to perform effectively on their jobs, focusing on the interaction among three classes of variables: (a) the psychological states of employees that must be present for internally motivated work behavior to develop; (b) the characteristics of jobs that can create these psychological states; and (c) the attributes of individuals that determine how positively a person will respond to a complex and challenging job.
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