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Journal ArticleDOI

The Power of Feedback

John Hattie, +1 more
- 01 Mar 2007 - 
- Vol. 77, Iss: 1, pp 81-112
TLDR
This paper provided a conceptual analysis of feedback and reviewed the evidence related to its impact on learning and achievement, and suggested ways in which feedback can be used to enhance its effectiveness in classrooms.
Abstract
Feedback is one of the most powerful influences on learning and achievement, but this impact can be either positive or negative. Its power is frequently mentioned in articles about learning and teaching, but surprisingly few recent studies have systematically investigated its meaning. This article provides a conceptual analysis of feedback and reviews the evidence related to its impact on learning and achievement. This evidence shows that although feedback is among the major influences, the type of feedback and the way it is given can be differentially effective. A model of feedback is then proposed that identifies the particular properties and circumstances that make it effective, and some typically thorny issues are discussed, including the timing of feedback and the effects of positive and negative feedback. Finally, this analysis is used to suggest ways in which feedback can be used to enhance its effectiveness in classrooms.

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Citations
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TL;DR: The EFAP-SRL model has been used to evaluate the academic readiness of incoming college students as mentioned in this paper, which is a major concern in the field of mathematics education because of the lack of academic preparedness of students.
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Structured assessments of clinical competence

TL;DR: Assessments commonly used to formally assess clinical competence include long and short cases and the objective structured clinical examination which, if well designed, is a fair and reliable method of assessing clinical competence.
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Why receiving feedback collides with self determination.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors view the feedback process through the lens of Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and suggest to convey feedback in ways that may preserve the trainee's autonomy.
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Lateralization patterns of covert but not overt movements change with age: An EEG neurofeedback study

TL;DR: The finding of a less lateralized activation pattern in the elderly is in accordance to previous research and with the idea that compensatory processes help to overcome neurodegenerative changes related to normal ageing, indicating that EEG neurofeedback studies should place more emphasis on the age of the potential end-users.
Book ChapterDOI

Technology and feedback design

TL;DR: This chapter provides a synthesis of recent research into how technology can support effective feedback, adopting a definition of feedback in line with recent advances in feedback research and discussing of improved feedback approaches likely to be enabled by technology in the future.
References
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Book

Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior

TL;DR: This chapter discusses the development of Causality Orientations Theory, a theory of personality Influences on Motivation, and its application in information-Processing Theories.
Journal ArticleDOI

Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency

TL;DR: The centrality of the self-efficacy mechanism in human agency is discussed in this paper, where the influential role of perceived collective effi- cacy in social change is analyzed, as are the social con- ditions conducive to development of collective inefficacy.
Book

Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory

TL;DR: In this paper, models of Human Nature and Casualty are used to model human nature and human health, and a set of self-regulatory mechanisms are proposed. But they do not consider the role of cognitive regulators.
Journal ArticleDOI

Motivation through the Design of Work: Test of a Theory.

TL;DR: In this paper, a model is proposed that specifies the conditions under which individuals will become internally motivated to perform effectively on their jobs, focusing on the interaction among three classes of variables: (a) the psychological states of employees that must be present for internally motivated work behavior to develop; (b) the characteristics of jobs that can create these psychological states; and (c) the attributes of individuals that determine how positively a person will respond to a complex and challenging job.
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