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Journal ArticleDOI

The Power of Feedback

John Hattie, +1 more
- 01 Mar 2007 - 
- Vol. 77, Iss: 1, pp 81-112
TLDR
This paper provided a conceptual analysis of feedback and reviewed the evidence related to its impact on learning and achievement, and suggested ways in which feedback can be used to enhance its effectiveness in classrooms.
Abstract
Feedback is one of the most powerful influences on learning and achievement, but this impact can be either positive or negative. Its power is frequently mentioned in articles about learning and teaching, but surprisingly few recent studies have systematically investigated its meaning. This article provides a conceptual analysis of feedback and reviews the evidence related to its impact on learning and achievement. This evidence shows that although feedback is among the major influences, the type of feedback and the way it is given can be differentially effective. A model of feedback is then proposed that identifies the particular properties and circumstances that make it effective, and some typically thorny issues are discussed, including the timing of feedback and the effects of positive and negative feedback. Finally, this analysis is used to suggest ways in which feedback can be used to enhance its effectiveness in classrooms.

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Citations
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Workplace-based assessment: a review of user perceptions and strategies to address the identified shortcomings

TL;DR: Insight gained from the literature reveals three dominant problems with WBA implementation: poor understanding as to the purpose of WBAs; insufficient time available for undertaking these assessments; and inadequate training of trainers.
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Towards a personal best: a case for introducing ipsative assessment in higher education

TL;DR: In this article, a model for effective feedback practice is used to argue that, in current schemes, formative feedback is often not usable because it is strongly linked to external criteria and standards, rather than to the processes of learning.
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Types and frequencies of feedback interventions in classroom interaction in secondary education

TL;DR: This article analyzed contiguous 10min blocks of classroom interactions from 78 teachers and found that teachers seldom provide the types of feedback interventions identified as effective in enhancing learning in the course of typical classroom interactions.
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Supporting online collaborative learning in small groups: Teacher feedback on learning content, academic task and social participation

TL;DR: Analysis of 145 contributions made by a teacher to two groups of postgraduate students of the same course whose task was to develop collaboratively a rubric for assessing teacher competencies shows that the teacher offered both elaboration and verification feedback, not only regarding the learning content but also the students' approach to the academic task and their social participation in the group.
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Assessing the Effects of a School-Wide Data-Based Decision-Making Intervention on Student Achievement Growth in Primary Schools.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of a two-year data-based decision-making intervention on student achievement growth were investigated, and the results suggest that the intervention especially significantly improved the performances of students in low socioeconomic status schools.
References
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Book

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TL;DR: This chapter discusses the development of Causality Orientations Theory, a theory of personality Influences on Motivation, and its application in information-Processing Theories.
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Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency

TL;DR: The centrality of the self-efficacy mechanism in human agency is discussed in this paper, where the influential role of perceived collective effi- cacy in social change is analyzed, as are the social con- ditions conducive to development of collective inefficacy.
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Journal ArticleDOI

Motivation through the Design of Work: Test of a Theory.

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