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Journal ArticleDOI

The Power of Feedback

John Hattie, +1 more
- 01 Mar 2007 - 
- Vol. 77, Iss: 1, pp 81-112
TLDR
This paper provided a conceptual analysis of feedback and reviewed the evidence related to its impact on learning and achievement, and suggested ways in which feedback can be used to enhance its effectiveness in classrooms.
Abstract
Feedback is one of the most powerful influences on learning and achievement, but this impact can be either positive or negative. Its power is frequently mentioned in articles about learning and teaching, but surprisingly few recent studies have systematically investigated its meaning. This article provides a conceptual analysis of feedback and reviews the evidence related to its impact on learning and achievement. This evidence shows that although feedback is among the major influences, the type of feedback and the way it is given can be differentially effective. A model of feedback is then proposed that identifies the particular properties and circumstances that make it effective, and some typically thorny issues are discussed, including the timing of feedback and the effects of positive and negative feedback. Finally, this analysis is used to suggest ways in which feedback can be used to enhance its effectiveness in classrooms.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Animated agents and learning: Does the type of verbal feedback they provide matter?

TL;DR: Investigation of the effects of an animated agent's presence and different types of feedback on learning, motivation and cognitive load in a multimedia-learning environment designed to teach science content revealed that participants who learned with the animated agent that delivered elaborate feedback had significantly higher scores on a learning measure.
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The Impact of Indiana’s System of Interim Assessments on Mathematics and Reading Achievement

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used high-quality data from a large-scale school-level cluster randomized experiment to examine the impact of two commercial interim assessment programs on mathematics and reading achievement in Indiana.
Journal ArticleDOI

The effect of emotional feedback on behavioral intention to use computer based assessment

TL;DR: Results demonstrate that Emotional Feedback has a direct effect on Behavioral Intention to Use a CBA system and on other crucial determinants of behavioral Intention.
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The hypercorrection effect persists over a week, but high-confidence errors return

TL;DR: Findings help to contextualize the hypercorrection effect within the broader memory literature by showing that high-confidence errors are more likely to be corrected, but they are also morelikely to be reproduced if the correct answer is forgotten.
Journal ArticleDOI

Stimulating Professional Learning through Teacher Evaluation: An Impossible Task for the School Leader?.

TL;DR: This paper explored the importance of transformational and instructional leadership for the feedback utility and teachers' professional learning, and showed that leadership directly influences the teacher evaluation and indirectly influences teacher professional learning.
References
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Book

Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior

TL;DR: This chapter discusses the development of Causality Orientations Theory, a theory of personality Influences on Motivation, and its application in information-Processing Theories.
Journal ArticleDOI

Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency

TL;DR: The centrality of the self-efficacy mechanism in human agency is discussed in this paper, where the influential role of perceived collective effi- cacy in social change is analyzed, as are the social con- ditions conducive to development of collective inefficacy.
Book

Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory

TL;DR: In this paper, models of Human Nature and Casualty are used to model human nature and human health, and a set of self-regulatory mechanisms are proposed. But they do not consider the role of cognitive regulators.
Journal ArticleDOI

Motivation through the Design of Work: Test of a Theory.

TL;DR: In this paper, a model is proposed that specifies the conditions under which individuals will become internally motivated to perform effectively on their jobs, focusing on the interaction among three classes of variables: (a) the psychological states of employees that must be present for internally motivated work behavior to develop; (b) the characteristics of jobs that can create these psychological states; and (c) the attributes of individuals that determine how positively a person will respond to a complex and challenging job.
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