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Journal ArticleDOI

The Power of Feedback

John Hattie, +1 more
- 01 Mar 2007 - 
- Vol. 77, Iss: 1, pp 81-112
TLDR
This paper provided a conceptual analysis of feedback and reviewed the evidence related to its impact on learning and achievement, and suggested ways in which feedback can be used to enhance its effectiveness in classrooms.
Abstract
Feedback is one of the most powerful influences on learning and achievement, but this impact can be either positive or negative. Its power is frequently mentioned in articles about learning and teaching, but surprisingly few recent studies have systematically investigated its meaning. This article provides a conceptual analysis of feedback and reviews the evidence related to its impact on learning and achievement. This evidence shows that although feedback is among the major influences, the type of feedback and the way it is given can be differentially effective. A model of feedback is then proposed that identifies the particular properties and circumstances that make it effective, and some typically thorny issues are discussed, including the timing of feedback and the effects of positive and negative feedback. Finally, this analysis is used to suggest ways in which feedback can be used to enhance its effectiveness in classrooms.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Twelve tips for implementing tools for direct observation of medical trainees' clinical skills during patient encounters.

TL;DR: Identification of a psychometrically sound instrument and attention to faculty development and the feedback process are critical to the success of a program of direct observation in clinical settings with actual patients.
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Effectiveness of Computer-Assisted Instruction in Statistics: A Meta-Analysis

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined a range of specific features that presumably influence the effectiveness of computer assisted statistics instruction, such as the level of learner engagement, learner control, and the nature of feedback.
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Augmenting the Senses: A Review on Sensor-Based Learning Support

TL;DR: This article analyzed 82 sensor-based prototypes exploring their learning support and classified the prototypes according to the Bloom's taxonomy of learning domains and explored how they can be used to assist on the implementation of formative assessment.
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Embedded Formative Assessment and Classroom Process Quality: How Do They Interact in Promoting Science Understanding?

TL;DR: This study examined the interplay between curriculum-embedded formative assessment and general features of classroom process quality and their combined effect on elementary school students’ understanding of the scientific concepts of floating and sinking.
Journal ArticleDOI

Making students' thinking explicit in writing and discussion: An analysis of formative assessment prompts

TL;DR: This article explored the relative utility of four different types of formative assessment prompts in eliciting middle school students' ideas about sinking and floating, and compared students' written responses and statements in classroom discussions around each of the prompts.
References
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Book

Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior

TL;DR: This chapter discusses the development of Causality Orientations Theory, a theory of personality Influences on Motivation, and its application in information-Processing Theories.
Journal ArticleDOI

Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency

TL;DR: The centrality of the self-efficacy mechanism in human agency is discussed in this paper, where the influential role of perceived collective effi- cacy in social change is analyzed, as are the social con- ditions conducive to development of collective inefficacy.
Book

Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory

TL;DR: In this paper, models of Human Nature and Casualty are used to model human nature and human health, and a set of self-regulatory mechanisms are proposed. But they do not consider the role of cognitive regulators.
Journal ArticleDOI

Motivation through the Design of Work: Test of a Theory.

TL;DR: In this paper, a model is proposed that specifies the conditions under which individuals will become internally motivated to perform effectively on their jobs, focusing on the interaction among three classes of variables: (a) the psychological states of employees that must be present for internally motivated work behavior to develop; (b) the characteristics of jobs that can create these psychological states; and (c) the attributes of individuals that determine how positively a person will respond to a complex and challenging job.
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