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Journal ArticleDOI

The Power of Feedback

John Hattie, +1 more
- 01 Mar 2007 - 
- Vol. 77, Iss: 1, pp 81-112
TLDR
This paper provided a conceptual analysis of feedback and reviewed the evidence related to its impact on learning and achievement, and suggested ways in which feedback can be used to enhance its effectiveness in classrooms.
Abstract
Feedback is one of the most powerful influences on learning and achievement, but this impact can be either positive or negative. Its power is frequently mentioned in articles about learning and teaching, but surprisingly few recent studies have systematically investigated its meaning. This article provides a conceptual analysis of feedback and reviews the evidence related to its impact on learning and achievement. This evidence shows that although feedback is among the major influences, the type of feedback and the way it is given can be differentially effective. A model of feedback is then proposed that identifies the particular properties and circumstances that make it effective, and some typically thorny issues are discussed, including the timing of feedback and the effects of positive and negative feedback. Finally, this analysis is used to suggest ways in which feedback can be used to enhance its effectiveness in classrooms.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Optimizing Worked‐Example Instruction in Electrical Engineering: The Role of Fading and Feedback during Problem‐Solving Practice

TL;DR: Students who received feedback immediately after attempting each problem-solving step outperformed those who received total feedback on near transfer and students who learned with backward-fading practice produced higher near- and far-transfer scores when feedback included the solution of a similar worked-out problem.
Journal Article

Feedback that Fits.

TL;DR: The authors identified what makes for powerful feedback, in terms of how teachers deliver it and the content it contains, from parsing this research and reflecting on my own experience as an educational consultant working with elementary and secondary teachers on assessment issues.
Journal ArticleDOI

Inquiring into children’s experiences of teacher feedback: reconceptualising Assessment for Learning

TL;DR: In this article, a longitudinal study of nine "profile" children aged 9 to 10 years in a UK school was conducted, where they were observed and video-filmed in threes, twos or individually during literacy and numeracy lessons across two terms from January to July 2010.
Journal ArticleDOI

A qualitative synthesis of video feedback in higher education

TL;DR: While video feedback appears to be a promising alternative to traditional written feedback for its relative relational richness, the medium continues to be primarily used for information transmission rather than dialogue.
References
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Book

Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior

TL;DR: This chapter discusses the development of Causality Orientations Theory, a theory of personality Influences on Motivation, and its application in information-Processing Theories.
Journal ArticleDOI

Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency

TL;DR: The centrality of the self-efficacy mechanism in human agency is discussed in this paper, where the influential role of perceived collective effi- cacy in social change is analyzed, as are the social con- ditions conducive to development of collective inefficacy.
Book

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TL;DR: In this paper, models of Human Nature and Casualty are used to model human nature and human health, and a set of self-regulatory mechanisms are proposed. But they do not consider the role of cognitive regulators.
Journal ArticleDOI

Motivation through the Design of Work: Test of a Theory.

TL;DR: In this paper, a model is proposed that specifies the conditions under which individuals will become internally motivated to perform effectively on their jobs, focusing on the interaction among three classes of variables: (a) the psychological states of employees that must be present for internally motivated work behavior to develop; (b) the characteristics of jobs that can create these psychological states; and (c) the attributes of individuals that determine how positively a person will respond to a complex and challenging job.
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