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Journal ArticleDOI

The Power of Feedback

John Hattie, +1 more
- 01 Mar 2007 - 
- Vol. 77, Iss: 1, pp 81-112
TLDR
This paper provided a conceptual analysis of feedback and reviewed the evidence related to its impact on learning and achievement, and suggested ways in which feedback can be used to enhance its effectiveness in classrooms.
Abstract
Feedback is one of the most powerful influences on learning and achievement, but this impact can be either positive or negative. Its power is frequently mentioned in articles about learning and teaching, but surprisingly few recent studies have systematically investigated its meaning. This article provides a conceptual analysis of feedback and reviews the evidence related to its impact on learning and achievement. This evidence shows that although feedback is among the major influences, the type of feedback and the way it is given can be differentially effective. A model of feedback is then proposed that identifies the particular properties and circumstances that make it effective, and some typically thorny issues are discussed, including the timing of feedback and the effects of positive and negative feedback. Finally, this analysis is used to suggest ways in which feedback can be used to enhance its effectiveness in classrooms.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Learning culture and feedback: an international study of medical athletes and musicians

TL;DR: This work explored the unique perspectives of doctors who had also trained extensively in sport or music to better understand why feedback is challenging, aiming to distinguish the elements of the response to feedback that are determined by the individual learner from thoseetermined by the learning culture.
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Teacher feedback literacy and its interplay with student feedback literacy

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present challenges to the development of feedback processes, and the accumulated frustrations of teachers and students inhibit the learning potential of feedback, and propose a conceptual framework to manage the feedback process.
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The Teaching Practices Inventory: A New Tool for Characterizing College and University Teaching in Mathematics and Science

TL;DR: The teaching practices inventory characterizes the teaching methods used in university science and mathematics courses, including the extent of use of research-based teaching practices.
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Performance in assessment: Consensus statement and recommendations from the Ottawa conference

TL;DR: Developments in performance assessment since 2011 are addressed, contemporary best practice recommendations for OSCEs and WBAs, fit-for-purpose methods for performance assessment in the health professions are summarised.
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Academic Interventions for Elementary and Middle School Students With Low Socioeconomic Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

TL;DR: In this article, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to identify effective academic interventions for elementary and middle school students in the United States, focusing on socioeconomic status as a major predictor of educational achievement.
References
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Book

Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior

TL;DR: This chapter discusses the development of Causality Orientations Theory, a theory of personality Influences on Motivation, and its application in information-Processing Theories.
Journal ArticleDOI

Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency

TL;DR: The centrality of the self-efficacy mechanism in human agency is discussed in this paper, where the influential role of perceived collective effi- cacy in social change is analyzed, as are the social con- ditions conducive to development of collective inefficacy.
Book

Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory

TL;DR: In this paper, models of Human Nature and Casualty are used to model human nature and human health, and a set of self-regulatory mechanisms are proposed. But they do not consider the role of cognitive regulators.
Journal ArticleDOI

Motivation through the Design of Work: Test of a Theory.

TL;DR: In this paper, a model is proposed that specifies the conditions under which individuals will become internally motivated to perform effectively on their jobs, focusing on the interaction among three classes of variables: (a) the psychological states of employees that must be present for internally motivated work behavior to develop; (b) the characteristics of jobs that can create these psychological states; and (c) the attributes of individuals that determine how positively a person will respond to a complex and challenging job.
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