Virus-helminth coinfection reveals a microbiota-independent mechanism of immunomodulation
Lisa C. Osborne,Laurel A. Monticelli,Timothy J. Nice,Tara E. Sutherland,Mark C. Siracusa,Matthew R. Hepworth,Vesselin T. Tomov,Dmytro Kobuley,Sara Tran,Kyle Bittinger,Aubrey Bailey,Alice Laughlin,Jean-Luc Boucher,E. John Wherry,Frederic D. Bushman,Judith E. Allen,Herbert W. Virgin,David Artis +17 more
TLDR
Data indicate that helminth-induced immunomodulation occurs independently of changes in the microbiota but is dependent on Ym1, a chitinase-like molecule that is associated with alternatively activated macrophages, which could partially restore antiviral immunity.Abstract:
The mammalian intestine is colonized by beneficial commensal bacteria and is a site of infection by pathogens, including helminth parasites. Helminths induce potent immunomodulatory effects, but whether these effects are mediated by direct regulation of host immunity or indirectly through eliciting changes in the microbiota is unknown. We tested this in the context of virus-helminth coinfection. Helminth coinfection resulted in impaired antiviral immunity and was associated with changes in the microbiota and STAT6-dependent helminth-induced alternative activation of macrophages. Notably, helminth-induced impairment of antiviral immunity was evident in germ-free mice, but neutralization of Ym1, a chitinase-like molecule that is associated with alternatively activated macrophages, could partially restore antiviral immunity. These data indicate that helminth-induced immunomodulation occurs independently of changes in the microbiota but is dependent on Ym1.read more
Citations
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Helminth coinfection and COVID-19: An alternate hypothesis.
Russell Hays,Doris Pierce,Paul R. Giacomin,Alex Loukas,Peter Bourke,Peter Bourke,Robyn McDermott +6 more
TL;DR: This paper presents a poster presented at the 2015 Australian National Exhibition of Tropical Health and Medicine and Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, entitled “Advances in Tropical Medicine and Biotechnology: Towards a Hands-on Approach to Drug Discovery and Delivery”.
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Infection-Induced Intestinal Dysbiosis Is Mediated by Macrophage Activation and Nitrate Production.
Shuai Wang,Ayah El-Fahmawi,David A. Christian,Qun Fang,Enrico Radaelli,Longfei Chen,Megan C. Sullivan,Ana M. Misic,Jodi A. Ellringer,Xing Quan Zhu,Sebastian E. Winter,Christopher A. Hunter,Daniel P. Beiting +12 more
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Immune-Microbiota Interplay and Colonization Resistance in Infection.
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Extreme Competence: Keystone Hosts of Infections.
Lynn B. Martin,BriAnne Addison,Andrew G. D. Bean,Katherine L. Buchanan,Ondi L. Crino,Justin R. Eastwood,Andrew S. Flies,Rodrigo Hamede,Geoffrey E. Hill,Marcel Klaassen,Rebecca E. Koch,Johanne M. Martens,Constanza Napolitano,Edward Narayan,Lee Peacock,Alison J. Peel,Anne Peters,Nynke Raven,Alice Risely,Michael J. Roast,Lee A. Rollins,Manuel Ruiz-Aravena,Daniel Selechnik,Helena S. Stokes,Beata Ujvari,Laura F. Grogan +25 more
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Differentiation and Protective Capacity of Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells Suggest Murine Norovirus Persistence in an Immune-Privileged Enteric Niche
Vesselin T. Tomov,Olesya Palko,Chi Wai Lau,Ajinkya Pattekar,Yuhang Sun,Ralitza Tacheva,Bertram Bengsch,Sasikanth Manne,Gabriela L. Cosma,Laurence C. Eisenlohr,Timothy J. Nice,Herbert W. Virgin,E. John Wherry +12 more
TL;DR: The authors used genetically engineered strains of mouse norovirus (MNV) to investigate CD8+ T cell differentiation during chronic infection and found that chronic infection drove MNV-specific tissue-resident memory (Trm) CD 8+ T cells to a differentiation state resembling inflationary effector responses against latent cytomegalovirus with only limited evidence of exhaustion.
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