Virus-helminth coinfection reveals a microbiota-independent mechanism of immunomodulation
Lisa C. Osborne,Laurel A. Monticelli,Timothy J. Nice,Tara E. Sutherland,Mark C. Siracusa,Matthew R. Hepworth,Vesselin T. Tomov,Dmytro Kobuley,Sara Tran,Kyle Bittinger,Aubrey Bailey,Alice Laughlin,Jean-Luc Boucher,E. John Wherry,Frederic D. Bushman,Judith E. Allen,Herbert W. Virgin,David Artis +17 more
TLDR
Data indicate that helminth-induced immunomodulation occurs independently of changes in the microbiota but is dependent on Ym1, a chitinase-like molecule that is associated with alternatively activated macrophages, which could partially restore antiviral immunity.Abstract:
The mammalian intestine is colonized by beneficial commensal bacteria and is a site of infection by pathogens, including helminth parasites. Helminths induce potent immunomodulatory effects, but whether these effects are mediated by direct regulation of host immunity or indirectly through eliciting changes in the microbiota is unknown. We tested this in the context of virus-helminth coinfection. Helminth coinfection resulted in impaired antiviral immunity and was associated with changes in the microbiota and STAT6-dependent helminth-induced alternative activation of macrophages. Notably, helminth-induced impairment of antiviral immunity was evident in germ-free mice, but neutralization of Ym1, a chitinase-like molecule that is associated with alternatively activated macrophages, could partially restore antiviral immunity. These data indicate that helminth-induced immunomodulation occurs independently of changes in the microbiota but is dependent on Ym1.read more
Citations
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Parasite-bacteria interrelationship
Dalia S. Ashour,Ahmad A. Othman +1 more
TL;DR: Primary bacterial infections may complicate several parasitic diseases such as visceral leishmaniasis and malaria, due to immunosuppression of the host during parasitic infections.
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Commentary: Estimates of Global, Regional, and National Morbidity, Mortality, and Aetiologies of Diarrhoeal Diseases: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
Amir Abdoli,Nahid Maspi +1 more
TL;DR: Commentary: estimates of Global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of Diarrhoeal Diseases: a Systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.
Journal ArticleDOI
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus seropositivity is associated with parasite infections in Ugandan fishing communities on Lake Victoria islands.
Angela Nalwoga,Emily L. Webb,Belinda Chihota,Wendell Miley,Bridgious Walusimbi,Jacent Nassuuna,Richard E. Sanya,Richard E. Sanya,Gyaviira Nkurunungi,Nazzarena Labo,Alison M. Elliott,Stephen Cose,Denise Whitby,Robert U. Newton,Robert U. Newton +14 more
TL;DR: The impact of helminths and malaria infection on Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) seropositivity was investigated, using samples and data collected from a cluster-randomised trial of intensive versus standard anthelminthic treatment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Speculations on the clinical significance of asymptomatic viral infections
TL;DR: An update on asymptomatic chronic infections and criteria for causality and on the virological, immunological and host-virus interactions in asymptic chronic infections in human hosts, focusing on herpetic infections are provided.
Journal ArticleDOI
The benign helminth Hymenolepis diminuta ameliorates chemically induced colitis in a rat model system.
Kateřina Pomajbíková,Milan Jirků,Jana Levá,Kateřina Sobotková,Evan Morien,Laura Wegener Parfrey +5 more
TL;DR: Investigation of the ability of different life cycle stages of H. diminuta to protect rats against a model of colitis induced through application of the haptenizing agent dinitrobenzene sulphonic acid directly to the colon and monitoring of rat clinical health, systemic inflammation measured by TNFα and IL-1β, and the gut microbiota shows that immature H. diminishuta induces a type 2 response, but does not protect against colitis.
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