Virus-helminth coinfection reveals a microbiota-independent mechanism of immunomodulation
Lisa C. Osborne,Laurel A. Monticelli,Timothy J. Nice,Tara E. Sutherland,Mark C. Siracusa,Matthew R. Hepworth,Vesselin T. Tomov,Dmytro Kobuley,Sara Tran,Kyle Bittinger,Aubrey Bailey,Alice Laughlin,Jean-Luc Boucher,E. John Wherry,Frederic D. Bushman,Judith E. Allen,Herbert W. Virgin,David Artis +17 more
TLDR
Data indicate that helminth-induced immunomodulation occurs independently of changes in the microbiota but is dependent on Ym1, a chitinase-like molecule that is associated with alternatively activated macrophages, which could partially restore antiviral immunity.Abstract:
The mammalian intestine is colonized by beneficial commensal bacteria and is a site of infection by pathogens, including helminth parasites. Helminths induce potent immunomodulatory effects, but whether these effects are mediated by direct regulation of host immunity or indirectly through eliciting changes in the microbiota is unknown. We tested this in the context of virus-helminth coinfection. Helminth coinfection resulted in impaired antiviral immunity and was associated with changes in the microbiota and STAT6-dependent helminth-induced alternative activation of macrophages. Notably, helminth-induced impairment of antiviral immunity was evident in germ-free mice, but neutralization of Ym1, a chitinase-like molecule that is associated with alternatively activated macrophages, could partially restore antiviral immunity. These data indicate that helminth-induced immunomodulation occurs independently of changes in the microbiota but is dependent on Ym1.read more
Citations
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Detrimental effects of a failed infection by a co-invasive parasite on a native congeneric parasite and its native host
TL;DR: The coinfection experiments indicate not only the potential for the co-invasive parasite to alter the native host-parasite relationship, but to impact native host population dynamics.
Innate immune cell regulation of metabolic homeostasis
TL;DR: It is found that ILC2s produce methionine-enkephalin peptides that can act directly on adipocytes to upregulate UCP1 expression in vitro and that promote beiging in vivo, which indicates that in addition to responding to infection or tissue damage, I LC2s can regulate adipose function and metabolic homeostasis in part via production of enkephaline peptides.
Journal ArticleDOI
Infection with Hymenolepis diminuta Blocks Colitis and Hastens Recovery While Colitis Has Minimal Impact on Expulsion of the Cestode from the Mouse Host.
TL;DR: In this paper, two experimental paradigms were adopted to explore host-helminth interactions involved in the regulation of colitis and to understand if colitis affects the outcome of helminth infection.
Journal ArticleDOI
An Absence of Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation and Associations with Disease Activity in People with Multiple Sclerosis Undergoing Therapeutic Hookworm Vaccination.
P. A. C. Maple,Bruno Gran,Bruno Gran,Radu Tanasescu,David I. Pritchard,Cris S. Constantinescu,Cris S. Constantinescu +6 more
TL;DR: Therapeutic hookworm vaccination was not associated with EBV reactivation, and multiple sclerosis disease activity was associated with high levels of EBV VCA IgG or EBNA-1 IgG.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Facilitate Th Cell Cytokine Responses throughout Schistosoma mansoni Infection.
Lauren M. Webb,Alexander T. Phythian-Adams,Alice H. Costain,Alice H. Costain,Sheila Brown,Rachel J. Lundie,Josephine Forde-Thomas,Peter C. Cook,Lucy H. Jackson-Jones,Angela K. Marley,Hermelijn H. Smits,Karl F. Hoffmann,Elia D. Tait Wojno,Andrew S. MacDonald +13 more
TL;DR: It is shown that pDCs are required for optimal Th2 cytokine production in response to S. mansoni eggs in the intestinal-draining mesenteric lymph nodes throughout infection and for egg-specific IFN-γ at later time points of infection.
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