Virus-helminth coinfection reveals a microbiota-independent mechanism of immunomodulation
Lisa C. Osborne,Laurel A. Monticelli,Timothy J. Nice,Tara E. Sutherland,Mark C. Siracusa,Matthew R. Hepworth,Vesselin T. Tomov,Dmytro Kobuley,Sara Tran,Kyle Bittinger,Aubrey Bailey,Alice Laughlin,Jean-Luc Boucher,E. John Wherry,Frederic D. Bushman,Judith E. Allen,Herbert W. Virgin,David Artis +17 more
TLDR
Data indicate that helminth-induced immunomodulation occurs independently of changes in the microbiota but is dependent on Ym1, a chitinase-like molecule that is associated with alternatively activated macrophages, which could partially restore antiviral immunity.Abstract:
The mammalian intestine is colonized by beneficial commensal bacteria and is a site of infection by pathogens, including helminth parasites. Helminths induce potent immunomodulatory effects, but whether these effects are mediated by direct regulation of host immunity or indirectly through eliciting changes in the microbiota is unknown. We tested this in the context of virus-helminth coinfection. Helminth coinfection resulted in impaired antiviral immunity and was associated with changes in the microbiota and STAT6-dependent helminth-induced alternative activation of macrophages. Notably, helminth-induced impairment of antiviral immunity was evident in germ-free mice, but neutralization of Ym1, a chitinase-like molecule that is associated with alternatively activated macrophages, could partially restore antiviral immunity. These data indicate that helminth-induced immunomodulation occurs independently of changes in the microbiota but is dependent on Ym1.read more
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Mixed Th1 and Th2 Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD4 T cell responses in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis from Tanzania
Patrizia Amelio,Damien Portevin,Klaus Reither,Klaus Reither,Francis Apolinary Mhimbira,Maxmillian Mpina,Anneth Tumbo,Beatrice Nickel,Beatrice Nickel,Hanspeter Marti,Hanspeter Marti,Stefanie Knopp,Stefanie Knopp,Song Ding,Adam Penn-Nicholson,Fatoumatta Darboe,Khalid Ohmiti,Thomas J. Scriba,Giuseppe Pantaleo,Claudia Daubenberger,Claudia Daubenberger,Matthieu Perreau +21 more
TL;DR: Results indicate that the generation of Mtb-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses may be substantially influenced by environmental factors in vivo, which may have major impact in the identification of immune biomarkers of disease status and correlates of protection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toxoplasma Co-infection Prevents Th2 Differentiation and Leads to a Helminth-Specific Th1 Response.
Norus Ahmed,Timothy French,Sebastian Rausch,Anja A. Kühl,Katrin Hemminger,Ildiko Rita Dunay,Svenja Steinfelder,Susanne Hartmann +7 more
TL;DR: This study suggests that polarization rather than priming of naive CD4+ T cells is disturbed in mice previously infected with T. gondii, which limits a helminth-specific Th2 immune response while promoting a shift toward a Th1-type immune response.
Journal ArticleDOI
Helminth Regulation of Immunity: A Three-pronged Approach to Treat Colitis.
Fernando Lopes,Chelsea E. Matisz,José L. Reyes,José L. Reyes,Humberto Jijon,Ahmed Al-Darmaki,Gilaad G. Kaplan,Derek M. McKay +7 more
TL;DR: It is speculated that if the data from animal models translate to humans, noting the heterogeneity therein, then the choice between use of viable helminth ova, helmineth extracts/molecules or antigen-pulsed immune cells could be matched to disease management in defined cohorts of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
IFN-γ Hinders Recovery from Mucosal Inflammation during Antibiotic Therapy for Salmonella Gut Infection
Tamas Dolowschiak,Anna Angelika Mueller,Lynn Joanna Pisan,Rounak Feigelman,Rounak Feigelman,Boas Felmy,Mikael E. Sellin,Sukumar Namineni,Bidong Dinh Nguyen,Sandra Y. Wotzka,Mathias Heikenwalder,Christian von Mering,Christian von Mering,Christoph Mueller,Wolf-Dietrich Hardt +14 more
TL;DR: A role for IFN-γ in delaying resolution of intestinal inflammation is revealed and may inform therapies for acute Salmonella enteropathy, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, or disease resolution during antibiotic treatment.
Journal ArticleDOI
A chitinase from pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei involved in immune regulation.
TL;DR: In vivo experiments demonstrated that silencing of LvChi5 increased the mortality of shrimp infected with white spot syndrome virus and Vibro parahaemolyticus and significantly upregulated the load of pathogens in tissues, suggesting that shrimp chitinase could play a role in regulation of both humoral and cellular immune responses in shrimp.
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