Virus-helminth coinfection reveals a microbiota-independent mechanism of immunomodulation
Lisa C. Osborne,Laurel A. Monticelli,Timothy J. Nice,Tara E. Sutherland,Mark C. Siracusa,Matthew R. Hepworth,Vesselin T. Tomov,Dmytro Kobuley,Sara Tran,Kyle Bittinger,Aubrey Bailey,Alice Laughlin,Jean-Luc Boucher,E. John Wherry,Frederic D. Bushman,Judith E. Allen,Herbert W. Virgin,David Artis +17 more
TLDR
Data indicate that helminth-induced immunomodulation occurs independently of changes in the microbiota but is dependent on Ym1, a chitinase-like molecule that is associated with alternatively activated macrophages, which could partially restore antiviral immunity.Abstract:
The mammalian intestine is colonized by beneficial commensal bacteria and is a site of infection by pathogens, including helminth parasites. Helminths induce potent immunomodulatory effects, but whether these effects are mediated by direct regulation of host immunity or indirectly through eliciting changes in the microbiota is unknown. We tested this in the context of virus-helminth coinfection. Helminth coinfection resulted in impaired antiviral immunity and was associated with changes in the microbiota and STAT6-dependent helminth-induced alternative activation of macrophages. Notably, helminth-induced impairment of antiviral immunity was evident in germ-free mice, but neutralization of Ym1, a chitinase-like molecule that is associated with alternatively activated macrophages, could partially restore antiviral immunity. These data indicate that helminth-induced immunomodulation occurs independently of changes in the microbiota but is dependent on Ym1.read more
Citations
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Book ChapterDOI
Animal Models of Norovirus Infection
TL;DR: Multiple models that exist to study human noroviruses in nonhuman hosts and related viruses in their native hosts are described and knowledge gained from these different models has significantly increased understanding of these important human pathogens.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Influence of Helminth Immune Regulation on COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes: Is it Beneficial or Detrimental?
Muluneh Ademe,Friehiwot Girma +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the current knowledge on the interaction of COVID-19 and helminth co-infections was discussed, and the authors highlighted the possible negative associations of severe COVID19 and coinfections in helminthsendemic regions.
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Circadian Rhythm Modulation of Microbes During Health and Infection.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarize the circadian modulations of gut bacteria, viruses and their interactions, both in health and during infection, and discuss the importance of chronotherapy as a plausible therapeutic administration strategy to enhance beneficial therapeutic responses.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Mammalian Metaorganism: A Holistic View on How Microbes of All Kingdoms and Niches Shape Local and Systemic Immunity.
TL;DR: The field of microbiome research has developed rapidly over the past decades and has become a topic of major interest to basic, preclinical, and clinical research, the pharmaceutical industry as well as the general public as mentioned in this paper.
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