Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

About: Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention is a government organization based out in Beijing, China. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The organization has 16037 authors who have published 15098 publications receiving 423452 citations. The organization is also known as: China CDC & CCDC.

Estimating the number of people living with HIV/AIDS in China: 2003–09

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Before 2003 little was known about the scale of Chinas HIV/AIDS epidemic. In 2003 the Chinese government produced national estimates with support from the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS the World Health Organization and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Subsequent national estimation exercises were carried out in 2005 2007 and 2009. We describe these estimation processes and present the results of Chinas HIV/AIDS estimation exercises from 2003 to 2009. METHODS: The Workbook Method was used to generate national HIV/AIDS estimates. Data from the provincial level were used in 2003 data from the prefecture level were used in 2005 and data from the county level were used in 2007 and 2009. Data at the lowest level of aggregation were used to estimate risk group population size and HIV prevalence. Data from lower levels were combined into national estimates. RESULTS: At the end of 2003 2005 2007 and 2009 there were an estimated 0.84 0.65 0.70 and 0.74 million people living with HIV/AIDS in China respectively with an overall HIV prevalence of 0.05-0.06%. The number of new HIV infections decreased from 70 000 in 2005 to 50 000 in 2007 to 48 000 in 2009. Data quality improvements have increased the precision of Chinas HIV estimates. CONCLUSION: Repeated estimates have improved understanding of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in China. HIV estimates are a valuable tool for guiding national AIDS policies evaluating HIV prevention and control programmes.

Thoron levels in traditional Chinese residential dwellings.

Abstract: A survey on radon (222Rn), thoron (220Rn) and its decay products (220RnD) was conducted in Chinese traditional residential dwellings constructed with loam bricks or soil wall. The activity concentrations in 164 dwellings under investigation were 72.4±59.2 (arithmetic mean, AM) and 57.5±2.0 Bq m−3 (geometric mean, GM) for 222Rn, and 318±368 and 162±3.7 Bq m−3 for 220Rn, respectively. For 220RnD, 67 dwellings were studied. The AM of the 220RnD equilibrium equivalent concentration was 3.8±3.3 Bq m−3 with a maximum value of 15.8 Bq m−3. On the basis of these results, the average annual effective doses to the local residents due to radon and thoron exposure were 1.44–4.62 mSv. Thoron contributes 12.9–56.6% to the total doses. Preliminary results show that there is a relation between 220RnD in air and 232Th in soil. The correlation factors of outdoor and indoor were 0.88 and 0.40. The 232Th activity content of Chinese soil is estimated to be about two times the world average. The traditional residential dwellings with soil construction are still common in China. Further investigations on the 220Rn level in these dwelling with the aim of dose reduction are proposed.

The 2020 China report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change.

Abstract: Wenjia Cai*, Chi Zhang*, Hoi Ping Suen*, Siqi Ai, Yuqi Bai, Junzhe Bao, Bin Chen, Liangliang Cheng, Xueqin Cui, Hancheng Dai, Qian Di, Wenxuan Dong, Deijing Dou, Weicheng Fan, Xing Fan, Tong Gao, Yang Geng, Dabo Guan, Yafei Guo, Yixin Hu, Junyi Hua, Cunrui Huang, Hong Huang, Jianbin Huang, Tingting Jiang, Kedi Jiao, Gregor Kiesewetter, Zbigniew Klimont, Pete Lampard, Chuanxi Li, Qiwei Li, Ruiqi Li, Tiantian Li, Borong Lin, Hualiang Lin, Huan Liu, Qiyong Liu, Xiaobo Liu, Yufu Liu, Zhao Liu, Zhidong Liu, Zhu Liu, Shuhan Lou, Chenxi Lu, Yong Luo, Wei Ma, Alice McGushin, Yanlin Niu, Chao Ren, Zhehao Ren, Zengliang Ruan, Wolfgang Schöpp, Jing Su, Ying Tu, Jie Wang, Qiong Wang, Yaqi Wang, Yu Wang, Nick Watts, Congxi Xiao, Yang Xie, Hui Xiong, Mingfang Xu, Bing Xu, Lei Xu, Jun Yang, Lianping Yang, Le Yu, Yujuan Yue, Shaohui Zhang, Zhongchen Zhang, Jiyao Zhao, Liang Zhao, Mengzhen Zhao, Zhe Zhao, Jingbo Zhou, Peng Gong

A Bat-Derived Putative Cross-Family Recombinant Coronavirus with a Reovirus Gene.

Abstract: The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 has generated enormous interest in the biodiversity, genomics and cross-species transmission potential of coronaviruses, especially those from bats, the second most speciose order of mammals. Herein, we identified a novel coronavirus, provisionally designated Rousettus bat coronavirus GCCDC1 (Ro-BatCoV GCCDC1), in the rectal swab samples of Rousettus leschenaulti bats by using pan-coronavirus RT-PCR and next-generation sequencing. Although the virus is similar to Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9 (Ro-BatCoV HKU9) in genome characteristics, it is sufficiently distinct to be classified as a new species according to the criteria defined by the International Committee of Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). More striking was that Ro-BatCoV GCCDC1 contained a unique gene integrated into the 3'-end of the genome that has no homologs in any known coronavirus, but which sequence and phylogeny analyses indicated most likely originated from the p10 gene of a bat orthoreovirus. Subgenomic mRNA and cellular-level observations demonstrated that the p10 gene is functional and induces the formation of cell syncytia. Therefore, here we report a putative heterologous inter-family recombination event between a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus and a double-stranded segmented RNA virus, providing insights into the fundamental mechanisms of viral evolution.

Ship Detection for Complex Background SAR Images Based on a Multiscale Variance Weighted Image Entropy Method

Abstract: Ship detection from complex background synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is a challenging task. Due to varying local clutter and low signal-to-clutter ratio, the most conventional methods fail to yield satisfactory results. An effective ship detection approach for complex background is developed in this letter. The approach measures the local dissimilarity between target and its neighborhood by using the variance weighted information entropy (VWIE) method. In order to enhance targets, an optimal window selection mechanism based on the multiscale local contrast measure is used in the local VWIE calculation. Experiments indicate that the proposed approach can effectively detect ship targets from the complex background SAR images by using the optimal selection mechanism.