Institution
Karolinska Institutet
Education•Stockholm, Sweden•
About: Karolinska Institutet is a education organization based out in Stockholm, Sweden. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cancer. The organization has 46212 authors who have published 121142 publications receiving 6008130 citations.
Topics: Population, Cancer, Poison control, Cohort study, Health care
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: It is shown that peptides incorporating a short Aβ fragment (KLVFF; Aβ) can bind full-length Aβ and prevent its assembly into amyloid fibrils and suggested that residues Aβ serve as a binding sequence during Aβ polymerization and fibril formation.
965 citations
TL;DR: Findings reveal a mechanism by which frontal and basal ganglia activity exerts attentional control over access to working memory storage in the parietal cortex in humans, and makes an important contribution to inter-individual differences in working memory capacity.
Abstract: Our capacity to store information in working memory might be determined by the degree to which only relevant information is remembered. The question remains as to how this selection of relevant items to be remembered is accomplished. Here we show that activity in the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia preceded the filtering of irrelevant information and that activity, particularly in the globus pallidus, predicted the extent to which only relevant information is stored. The preceding frontal and basal ganglia activity were also associated with inter-individual differences in working memory capacity. These findings reveal a mechanism by which frontal and basal ganglia activity exerts attentional control over access to working memory storage in the parietal cortex in humans, and makes an important contribution to inter-individual differences in working memory capacity.
964 citations
TL;DR: The optimization and use of an RNase protection assay able to detect and distinguish messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts from both the ERalpha and ERbeta genes in the mouse suggest that the biological functions of the ERbeta protein may be dependent on the presence of ERalpha in certain cell types and tissues.
Abstract: Until recently, only a single type of estrogen receptor (ER) was thought to exist and mediate the genomic effects of the hormone 17beta-estradiol in mammalian tissues. However, the cloning of a gene encoding a second type of ER, termed ERbeta, from the mouse, rat, and human has prompted a reevaluation of the estrogen signaling system. Based on in vitro studies, the ERbeta protein binds estradiol with an affinity similar to that of the classical ER (now referred to as ERalpha) and is able to mediate the effects of estradiol in transfected mammalian cell lines. Essential to further investigations of the possible physiological roles of ERbeta, and its possible interactions with ERalpha, are data on the tissue distribution of the two ER types. Herein, we have described the optimization and use of an RNase protection assay able to detect and distinguish messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts from both the ERalpha and ERbeta genes in the mouse. Because this assay is directly quantitative, a comparison of the levels of expression within various tissues was possible. In addition, the effect of disruption of the ERalpha gene on the expression of the ERbeta gene was also investigated using the ERalpha-knockout (ERKO) mouse. Transcripts encoding ERalpha were detected in all the wild-type tissues assayed from both sexes. In the female reproductive tract, the highest expression of ERbeta mRNA was observed in the ovary and showed great variation among individual animals; detectable levels were observed in the uterus and oviduct, whereas mammary tissue was negative. In the male reproductive tract, significant expression of ERbeta was seen in the prostate and epididymis, whereas the testes were negative. In other tissues of both sexes, the hypothalamus and lung were clearly positive for both ERalpha and ERbeta mRNA. The ERKO mice demonstrated slightly reduced levels of ERbeta mRNA in the ovary, prostate, and epididymis. These data, in combination with the several described phenotypes in both sexes of the ERKO mouse, suggest that the biological functions of the ERbeta protein may be dependent on the presence of ERalpha in certain cell types and tissues. Further characterization of the physiological phenotypes in the ERKO mice may elucidate possible ERbeta specific actions.
963 citations
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation1, University of Louisville2, Karolinska Institutet3, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences4, University of Queensland5, Centre for Mental Health6, Tehran University of Medical Sciences7, South African Medical Research Council8, University of KwaZulu-Natal9, University of Colorado Boulder10, University of California, Irvine11, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center12, Montefiore Medical Center13, Northeastern University14, University of Alabama at Birmingham15, Brown University16, San Diego State University17, University of Melbourne18, Albert Einstein College of Medicine19, Cambridge Health Alliance20, University of Pittsburgh21, Johns Hopkins University22, University of Cape Town23, Marshall University24, Case Western Reserve University25, University of London26, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign27, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre28, Harvard University29, University of California, San Diego30, Yale University31, Veterans Health Administration32, Georgetown University33, Jackson State University34, University of Massachusetts Boston35, State University of New York System36, Simmons College37, University of California, Los Angeles38, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science39, University of Oxford40, Norwegian Institute of Public Health41, Curtin University42, Pacific Institute43, Heidelberg University44, Jimma University45, Northwestern University46, Washington University in St. Louis47, Howard University48, University of New Mexico49, University at Buffalo50, University of Washington51, University of South Florida52, Tufts University53, University of Rochester Medical Center54, Kosin University55, Central South University56, Michigan State University57, Ball State University58, Nova Southeastern University59, Dalhousie University60, Mayo Clinic61, University of British Columbia62, Ohio State University63, Baylor University64, Wrocław Medical University65, Jagiellonian University Medical College66, Dartmouth College67, University of Western Ontario68, Oregon Health & Science University69, Virginia Commonwealth University70, Columbia University71, University of Canberra72, Aga Khan University73
TL;DR: There are wide differences in the burden of disease at the state level and specific diseases and risk factors, such as drug use disorders, high BMI, poor diet, high fasting plasma glucose level, and alcohol use disorders are increasing and warrant increased attention.
Abstract: Introduction Several studies have measured health outcomes in the United States, but none have provided a comprehensive assessment of patterns of health by state. Objective To use the results of the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) to report trends in the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors at the state level from 1990 to 2016. Design and Setting A systematic analysis of published studies and available data sources estimates the burden of disease by age, sex, geography, and year. Main Outcomes and Measures Prevalence, incidence, mortality, life expectancy, healthy life expectancy (HALE), years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature mortality, years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 causes and 84 risk factors with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were computed. Results Between 1990 and 2016, overall death rates in the United States declined from 745.2 (95% UI, 740.6 to 749.8) per 100 000 persons to 578.0 (95% UI, 569.4 to 587.1) per 100 000 persons. The probability of death among adults aged 20 to 55 years declined in 31 states and Washington, DC from 1990 to 2016. In 2016, Hawaii had the highest life expectancy at birth (81.3 years) and Mississippi had the lowest (74.7 years), a 6.6-year difference. Minnesota had the highest HALE at birth (70.3 years), and West Virginia had the lowest (63.8 years), a 6.5-year difference. The leading causes of DALYs in the United States for 1990 and 2016 were ischemic heart disease and lung cancer, while the third leading cause in 1990 was low back pain, and the third leading cause in 2016 was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Opioid use disorders moved from the 11th leading cause of DALYs in 1990 to the 7th leading cause in 2016, representing a 74.5% (95% UI, 42.8% to 93.9%) change. In 2016, each of the following 6 risks individually accounted for more than 5% of risk-attributable DALYs: tobacco consumption, high body mass index (BMI), poor diet, alcohol and drug use, high fasting plasma glucose, and high blood pressure. Across all US states, the top risk factors in terms of attributable DALYs were due to 1 of the 3 following causes: tobacco consumption (32 states), high BMI (10 states), or alcohol and drug use (8 states). Conclusions and Relevance There are wide differences in the burden of disease at the state level. Specific diseases and risk factors, such as drug use disorders, high BMI, poor diet, high fasting plasma glucose level, and alcohol use disorders are increasing and warrant increased attention. These data can be used to inform national health priorities for research, clinical care, and policy.
962 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that oxidative stress is sensed and transduced by glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) into a-yet-unrecognized cell-death pathway, and the identified pathway reveals promising targets for future therapies.
962 citations
Authors
Showing all 46522 results
| Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Meir J. Stampfer | 277 | 1414 | 283776 |
| Albert Hofman | 267 | 2530 | 321405 |
| Guido Kroemer | 236 | 1404 | 246571 |
| Eric B. Rimm | 196 | 988 | 147119 |
| Scott M. Grundy | 187 | 841 | 231821 |
| Jing Wang | 184 | 4046 | 202769 |
| Tadamitsu Kishimoto | 181 | 1067 | 130860 |
| John Hardy | 177 | 1178 | 171694 |
| Marc G. Caron | 173 | 674 | 99802 |
| Ramachandran S. Vasan | 172 | 1100 | 138108 |
| Adrian L. Harris | 170 | 1084 | 120365 |
| Douglas F. Easton | 165 | 844 | 113809 |
| Zulfiqar A Bhutta | 165 | 1231 | 169329 |
| Judah Folkman | 165 | 499 | 148611 |
| Ralph A. DeFronzo | 160 | 759 | 132993 |