Institution
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Facility•Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States•
About: Oak Ridge National Laboratory is a facility organization based out in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Neutron & Ion. The organization has 31868 authors who have published 73724 publications receiving 2633689 citations. The organization is also known as: ORNL.
Topics: Neutron, Ion, Scattering, Neutron scattering, Microstructure
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: This article uncovered metabolic characteristics for members of these phyla, and a new lineage, PER, via cultivation-independent recovery of 49 partial to near-complete genomes from an acetate-amended aquifer.
Abstract: BD1-5, OP11, and OD1 bacteria have been widely detected in anaerobic environments, but their metabolisms remain unclear owing to lack of cultivated representatives and minimal genomic sampling. We uncovered metabolic characteristics for members of these phyla, and a new lineage, PER, via cultivation-independent recovery of 49 partial to near-complete genomes from an acetate-amended aquifer. All organisms were nonrespiring anaerobes predicted to ferment. Three augment fermentation with archaeal-like hybrid type II/III ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (RuBisCO) that couples adenosine monophosphate salvage with CO2 fixation, a pathway not previously described in Bacteria. Members of OD1 reduce sulfur and may pump protons using archaeal-type hydrogenases. For six organisms, the UGA stop codon is translated as tryptophan. All bacteria studied here may play previously unrecognized roles in hydrogen production, sulfur cycling, and fermentation of refractory sedimentary carbon.
578 citations
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Harvard University1, University of Montana2, McMaster University3, Environment Canada4, Ohio State University5, Auburn University6, University of Toronto7, Centre national de la recherche scientifique8, Pennsylvania State University9, University of Wisconsin-Madison10, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign11, Indiana University12, Virginia Commonwealth University13, University of Alberta14, United States Forest Service15, Laval University16, Queen's University17, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences18, Oak Ridge National Laboratory19, Princeton University20, University of Colorado Boulder21, Ensenada Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education22, Ghent University23, University of New Hampshire24, University of California, Los Angeles25
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate the representation of phenology, and the associated seasonality of ecosystem-scale CO2 exchange, in 14 models participating in the North American Carbon Program Site Synthesis.
Abstract: Phenology, by controlling the seasonal activity of vegetation on the land surface, plays a fundamental role in regulating photosynthesis and other ecosystem processes, as well as competitive interactions and feedbacks to the climate system. We conducted an analysis to evaluate the representation of phenology, and the associated seasonality of ecosystem-scale CO2 exchange, in 14 models participating in the North American Carbon Program Site Synthesis. Model predictions were evaluated using long-term measurements (emphasizing the period 2000–2006) from 10 forested sites within the AmeriFlux and Fluxnet-Canada networks. In deciduous forests, almost all models consistently predicted that the growing season started earlier, and ended later, than was actually observed; biases of 2 weeks or more were
578 citations
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TL;DR: A series of questions are explored to highlight some insights that comparative genomics has produced and how it could revolutionize medicine in terms of speed and accuracy of finding pathogens and knowing how to treat them.
Abstract: Since the first two complete bacterial genome sequences were published in 1995, the science of bacteria has dramatically changed. Using third-generation DNA sequencing, it is possible to completely sequence a bacterial genome in a few hours and identify some types of methylation sites along the genome as well. Sequencing of bacterial genome sequences is now a standard procedure, and the information from tens of thousands of bacterial genomes has had a major impact on our views of the bacterial world. In this review, we explore a series of questions to highlight some insights that comparative genomics has produced. To date, there are genome sequences available from 50 different bacterial phyla and 11 different archaeal phyla. However, the distribution is quite skewed towards a few phyla that contain model organisms. But the breadth is continuing to improve, with projects dedicated to filling in less characterized taxonomic groups. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas system provides bacteria with immunity against viruses, which outnumber bacteria by tenfold. How fast can we go? Second-generation sequencing has produced a large number of draft genomes (close to 90 % of bacterial genomes in GenBank are currently not complete); third-generation sequencing can potentially produce a finished genome in a few hours, and at the same time provide methlylation sites along the entire chromosome. The diversity of bacterial communities is extensive as is evident from the genome sequences available from 50 different bacterial phyla and 11 different archaeal phyla. Genome sequencing can help in classifying an organism, and in the case where multiple genomes of the same species are available, it is possible to calculate the pan- and core genomes; comparison of more than 2000 Escherichia coli genomes finds an E. coli core genome of about 3100 gene families and a total of about 89,000 different gene families. Why do we care about bacterial genome sequencing? There are many practical applications, such as genome-scale metabolic modeling, biosurveillance, bioforensics, and infectious disease epidemiology. In the near future, high-throughput sequencing of patient metagenomic samples could revolutionize medicine in terms of speed and accuracy of finding pathogens and knowing how to treat them.
577 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide compelling evidence that large-scale market failures and barriers prevent consumers in the United States from obtaining energy services at least cost, and they provide a strong justification for the policy portfolios that define the Scenarios for a Clean Energy Future, a study conducted by five National Laboratories.
577 citations
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TL;DR: This note points out that the same result can be obtained with fewer arithmetic operations, and, in particular, for inverting a square matrix of order N, at most 2(N-1) square roots are required.
Abstract: A method for the inversion of a nonsymmetric matrix has been in use at ORNL and has proved to be highly stable numerically but to require a rather large number of arithmetic operations, including a total of N(N-1)/2 square roots. This note points out that the same result can be obtained with fewer arithmetic operations, and, in particular, for inverting a square matrix of order N, at most 2(N-1) square roots are required. For N > 4, this is a savings of (N-4)(N-1)/4 square roots. (T.B.A.)
577 citations
Authors
Showing all 32112 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Zhong Lin Wang | 245 | 2529 | 259003 |
Hyun-Chul Kim | 176 | 4076 | 183227 |
Bradley Cox | 169 | 2150 | 156200 |
Charles M. Lieber | 165 | 521 | 132811 |
Wei Li | 158 | 1855 | 124748 |
Joseph Jankovic | 153 | 1146 | 93840 |
James M. Tiedje | 150 | 688 | 102287 |
Peter Lang | 140 | 1136 | 98592 |
Andrew G. Clark | 140 | 823 | 123333 |
Josh Moss | 139 | 1019 | 89255 |
Robert H. Purcell | 139 | 666 | 70366 |
Ad Bax | 138 | 486 | 97112 |
George C. Schatz | 137 | 1155 | 94910 |
Daniel Thomas | 134 | 846 | 84224 |
Jerry M. Melillo | 134 | 383 | 68894 |