Institution
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Facility•Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States•
About: Oak Ridge National Laboratory is a facility organization based out in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Neutron & Ion. The organization has 31868 authors who have published 73724 publications receiving 2633689 citations. The organization is also known as: ORNL.
Topics: Neutron, Ion, Scattering, Neutron scattering, Microstructure
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: Case studies re-evaluating three different types of biodiversity experiments demonstrate that the increases found in such ecosystem properties as productivity, nutrient use efficiency, and stability were actually caused by “hidden treatments” that altered plant biomass and productivity.
Abstract: Interactions between biotic and abiotic pro- cesses complicate the design and interpretation of eco- logical experiments. Separating causality from simple correlation requires distinguishing among experimental treatments, experimental responses, and the many pro- cesses and properties that are correlated with either the treatments or the responses, or both. When an experi- mental manipulation has multiple components, but only one of them is identified as the experimental treatment, erroneous conclusions about cause and eAect relation- ships are likely because the actual cause of any observed response may be ignored in the interpretation of the experimental results. This unrecognized cause of an observed response can be considered a ''hidden treat- ment.'' Three types of hidden treatments are potential problems in biodiversity experiments: (1) abiotic condi- tions, such as resource levels, or biotic conditions, such as predation, which are intentionally or unintentionally altered in order to create diAerences in species numbers for ''diversity'' treatments; (2) non-random selection of species with particular attributes that produce treatment diAerences that exceed those due to ''diversity'' alone; and (3) the increased statistical probability of including a species with a dominant negative or positive eAect (e.g., dense shade, or nitrogen fixation) in randomly selected groups of species of increasing number or ''diversity.'' In each of these cases, treatment responses that are actually the result of the ''hidden treatment'' may be inadver- tently attributed to variation in species diversity. Case studies re-evaluating three diAerent types of biodiversity experiments demonstrate that the increases found in such ecosystem properties as productivity, nutrient use eAciency, and stability (all of which were attributed to higher levels of species diversity) were actually caused by ''hidden treatments'' that altered plant biomass and productivity.
1,601 citations
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United States Department of Energy1, Kyoto University2, Marine Biological Laboratory3, University of Queensland4, Stanford University5, University of California, Berkeley6, McGill University7, National Institute of Genetics8, Aix-Marseille University9, Dalhousie University10, University of Tokyo11, Tokyo Metropolitan University12, Tohoku University13, University of South Florida14, Hokkaido University15, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn16, IBM17, University of Maryland, College Park18, University of California, San Francisco19, University of Edinburgh20, Oak Ridge National Laboratory21, Los Alamos National Laboratory22
TL;DR: A draft of the protein-coding portion of the genome of the most studied ascidian, Ciona intestinalis, is generated, suggesting that ascidians contain the basic ancestral complement of genes involved in cell signaling and development.
Abstract: The first chordates appear in the fossil record at the time of the Cambrian explosion, nearly 550 million years ago. The modern ascidian tadpole represents a plausible approximation to these ancestral chordates. To illuminate the origins of chordate and vertebrates, we generated a draft of the protein-coding portion of the genome of the most studied ascidian, Ciona intestinalis. The Ciona genome contains approximately 16,000 protein-coding genes, similar to the number in other invertebrates, but only half that found in vertebrates. Vertebrate gene families are typically found in simplified form in Ciona, suggesting that ascidians contain the basic ancestral complement of genes involved in cell signaling and development. The ascidian genome has also acquired a number of lineage-specific innovations, including a group of genes engaged in cellulose metabolism that are related to those in bacteria and fungi.
1,582 citations
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TL;DR: The Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) as mentioned in this paper uses ocean sampling data from the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE), the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), and the Ocean Atmosphere Carbon Exchange Study (OACES) to produce objectively gridded property maps at a 1° resolution on 33 depth surfaces chosen to match existing climatologies for temperature, salinity, oxygen, and nutrients.
Abstract: [1] During the 1990s, ocean sampling expeditions were carried out as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE), the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), and the Ocean Atmosphere Carbon Exchange Study (OACES). Subsequently, a group of U.S. scientists synthesized the data into easily usable and readily available products. This collaboration is known as the Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP). Results were merged into a common format data set, segregated by ocean. For comparison purposes, each ocean data set includes a small number of high-quality historical cruises. The data were subjected to rigorous quality control procedures to eliminate systematic data measurement biases. The calibrated 1990s data were used to estimate anthropogenic CO2, potential alkalinity, CFC watermass ages, CFC partial pressure, bomb-produced radiocarbon, and natural radiocarbon. These quantities were merged into the measured data files. The data were used to produce objectively gridded property maps at a 1° resolution on 33 depth surfaces chosen to match existing climatologies for temperature, salinity, oxygen, and nutrients. The mapped fields are interpreted as an annual mean distribution in spite of the inaccuracy in that assumption. Both the calibrated data and the gridded products are available from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center. Here we describe the important details of the data treatment and the mapping procedure, and present summary quantities and integrals for the various parameters.
1,580 citations
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TL;DR: A current snapshot of high-throughput computational materials design is provided, and the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead are highlighted.
Abstract: High-throughput computational materials design is an emerging area of materials science. By combining advanced thermodynamic and electronic-structure methods with intelligent data mining and database construction, and exploiting the power of current supercomputer architectures, scientists generate, manage and analyse enormous data repositories for the discovery of novel materials. In this Review we provide a current snapshot of this rapidly evolving field, and highlight the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.
1,568 citations
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TL;DR: The role of deformation twinning in fracture of hexagonal close-packed metals is reviewed from a theoretical point of view in this paper, where strength and ductility are correlated with the intrinsic physical and metallurgical variables.
Abstract: The role of deformation twinning in fracture of hexagonal close-packed metals is reviewed from a theoretical point of view. Strength and ductility are correlated with the intrinsic physical and metallurgical variables. The importance of c + a slip and of both “tension” and “compression” twins as independent modes for a generalized polycrystalline deformation is emphasized. Effects of slip-twin and twin-twin interactions on crack initiation and high-order twinning are reviewed. The competitive role of twin nucleationvs crack initiation is discussed. Shortcomings of our current understanding of the role of twinning are indicated, and some futher studies are recommended.
1,556 citations
Authors
Showing all 32112 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Zhong Lin Wang | 245 | 2529 | 259003 |
Hyun-Chul Kim | 176 | 4076 | 183227 |
Bradley Cox | 169 | 2150 | 156200 |
Charles M. Lieber | 165 | 521 | 132811 |
Wei Li | 158 | 1855 | 124748 |
Joseph Jankovic | 153 | 1146 | 93840 |
James M. Tiedje | 150 | 688 | 102287 |
Peter Lang | 140 | 1136 | 98592 |
Andrew G. Clark | 140 | 823 | 123333 |
Josh Moss | 139 | 1019 | 89255 |
Robert H. Purcell | 139 | 666 | 70366 |
Ad Bax | 138 | 486 | 97112 |
George C. Schatz | 137 | 1155 | 94910 |
Daniel Thomas | 134 | 846 | 84224 |
Jerry M. Melillo | 134 | 383 | 68894 |