Universidade de Pernambuco

About: Universidade de Pernambuco is a education organization based out in Recife, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Medicine. The organization has 6147 authors who have published 6948 publications receiving 73648 citations.

Prevalence of physical inactivity and associated factors among adolescents commuting to school

Abstract: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a prevalencia e identificar fatores associados a inatividade fisica nos deslocamentos para escola em adolescentes. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiologico transversal baseado na analise secundaria de dados de uma amostra de 4.207 adolescentes (14-19 anos). Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionario previamente validado (GSHS-OMS). Foram classificados como "inativos nos deslocamentos" aqueles que relataram que nao se deslocavam ativamente para ir a escola e/ou aqueles que o fazem, mas despendem menos de 20 minutos no trajeto de ida e volta. Observou-se que 43% (IC95%: 41,5-44,5) dos adolescentes sao fisicamente inativos nos deslocamentos. Verificou-se que o local de residencia e a escolaridade materna foram estatisticamente associados ao desfecho (inatividade fisica nos deslocamentos para escola) (p < 0,001). Entre os rapazes, a inatividade fisica nos deslocamentos foi significativamente associada a faixa etaria (p = 0,02) e a cor da pele (p = 0,04). A inatividade nos deslocamentos e relativamente alta em comparacao a outros estudos congeneres.

Exercise training protects human and rodent β cells against endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis

Abstract: Prolonged exercise has positive metabolic effects in obese or diabetic individuals. These effects are usually ascribed to improvements in insulin sensitivity. We evaluated whether exercise also generates circulating signals that protect human and rodent β cells against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis. For this purpose, we obtained serum from humans or mice before and after an 8 wk training period. Exposure of human islets or mouse or rat β cells to human or rodent sera, respectively, obtained from trained individuals reduced cytokine (IL-1β+IFN-γ)- or chemical ER stressor-induced β-cell ER stress and apoptosis, at least in part via activation of the transcription factor STAT3. These findings indicate that exercise training improves human and rodent β-cell survival under diabetogenic conditions and support lifestyle interventions as a protective approach for both type 1 and 2 diabetes.-Paula, F. M. M., Leite, N. C., Borck, P. C., Freitas-Dias, R., Cnop, M., Chacon-Mikahil, M. P. T., Cavaglieri, C. R., Marchetti, P., Boschero, A. C., Zoppi, C. C., Eizirik, D. L. Exercise training protects human and rodent β cells against endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis.

Molecularly Smooth Self-Assembled Monolayer for High-Mobility Organic Field-Effect Transistors

Abstract: Despite the need for molecularly smooth self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on silicon dioxide surfaces (the most common dielectric surface), current techniques are limited to nonideal silane grafting. Here, we show unique bioinspired zwitterionic molecules forming a molecularly smooth and uniformly thin SAM in “water” in 20 mJ m–2), uniform thickness (∼0.5 or ∼1 nm) and orientation (all catechol head groups facing the oxide surface) of the “monomolecular” layers. This robust (strong adsorption), rapid, and green SAM represents a promising advancement toward the next generation of nanofabrication compared to the current nonun...

Sexual behavior and emergency contraception among adolescents from public schools in Pernambuco State, Brazil.

Abstract: This study focused on knowledge and use of emergency contraception among 4,210 adolescents (14-19 years) enrolled in public schools in Pernambuco State, Brazil. Information was collected using the Global School-Based Student Health Survey, previously validated. Knowledge, frequency, and form of use of emergency contraception were investigated. Independent variables were classified as socio-demographic and those related to sexual behavior. Most adolescents reported knowing and having received information about the method, but among those who had already used it, only 22.1% had done so correctly. Adjusted regression analysis showed greater likelihood of knowledge about the method among girls (OR = 5.03; 95%CI: 1.72-14.69) and the sexually initiated (OR = 1.52; 95%CI: 1.34-1.75), while rural residents were 68% less knowledgeable. Rural residents showed 1.68 times higher odds (CI95%: 1.09-2.25) of incorrect use, while girls showed 71% lower likelihood of incorrect use. Sexual and reproductive education is necessary, especially among male and rural adolescents.

Inflation inertia and inliers: the case of Brazil

Abstract: This paper addresses the issue of measuring the degree of inertia in inflation in the presence of potential 'inliers'. It shows that by using robust unit root tests one reaches the same inference on the order of integration of the series as what is revealed by the modified procedure proposed by Cati et al. (1999). The results also suggest that, contrary to previous findings, the degree of inertia in inflation is rather small. Finally, the paper presents simulation results on the finite-sample behavior of unit root tests and of a persistence measure when the data contain inliers.