Universidade de Pernambuco

About: Universidade de Pernambuco is a education organization based out in Recife, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Medicine. The organization has 6147 authors who have published 6948 publications receiving 73648 citations.

Depressão e ansiedade em adolescentes de escolas públicas e privadas

Abstract: OBJETIVO: Identificar prevalencia de depressao e de ansiedade em adolescentes matriculados e frequentando escolas publicas e privadas da cidade do Recife - Pernambuco. METODOS: Por meio de estudo de prevalencia, de base populacional, admitindo populacao de 10.414 alunos das redes publica e privada, prevalencia de depressao e transtornos depressivos de 20,3%, precisao de 5% e nivel de significância de 0,05, a amostragem aleatoria e estratificada incluiu 243 alunos, do ensino fundamental e medio de 11 escolas, com idade de 14 a 16 anos. As variaveis foram: idade, religiao, tipo, adscricao e porte da escola, escolaridade, tempo de estudo, condicao estudantil e laboral, caracteristicas do nucleo familiar, sexo, estado civil, tipo de pele segundo escala de Fitzpatrick (investigadas por questionario demografico) e grau de depressao e de ansiedade pelas escalas de Hamilton. Para analise estatistica, empregou-se programa Statistical Package for Social Sciences. RESULTADOS: As prevalencias de sintomas depressivos expressivos e de ansiedade igualaram-se a 59,9% e 19,9%, respectivamente. Foram significativas as associacoes de sintomas depressivos de intensidade grave com o sexo feminino e a crenca religiosa diferentes da corrente do cristianismo. A ideacao suicida/tentativa de suicidio foi referida por 34,3% dos estudantes. Houve associacao significativa de ideacao suicida com grau leve ou moderado de sintomas depressivos e moderado de ansiedade, assim como de tentativa de suicidio com sintomas depressivos graves, estudo em escola privada e ansiedade severa. CONCLUSOES: A gravidade das caracteristicas psicopatologicas em uma idade tao jovem esta a merecer uma intervencao psicossocial para reduzir suas repercussoes para o futuro.

An Age-Based Inspection and Replacement Policy for Heterogeneous Components

Abstract: This paper considers a hybrid maintenance policy for a single component from a heterogeneous population. The component is placed in a socket, and the component and socket together comprise the system. The s-population of components consists of two sub-populations with different failure characteristics. By supposing that a component may be in a defective but operating state, so that there exists a delay time between defect arrival and component failure, we consider a novel maintenance policy that is a hybrid of inspection and replacement policies. There are similarities in this approach with the concept of ldquoburn-inrdquo maintenance. The policies are investigated in the context of traction motor bearing failures. Under certain circumstances, particularly when the mixture parameter is large, and the distribution of lifetimes for the two component types are well separated, the hybrid policy has significant cost savings over the standard age-based replacement policy, and over the pure inspection policy. In addition to the cost metric, the mean time between operational failures of the system under the hybrid policy can be used to guide decision-making. This maintenance policy metric is calculated using simulation, and using an approximation which assumes that operational failures occur according to a Poisson process with a rate that can be calculated in a straightforward way. The simulation results show good agreement with the approximation.

Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in children under five years of age in the post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era in Brazil: a case control study

Abstract: Pneumonia plays an important role in children’s morbidity and mortality. In Brazil, epidemiological and social changes occurred concomitantly with the universal introduction of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. This study identified risk factors for pneumonia following the implementation of a pneumococcal vaccination program. A hospital-based, case-control study involving incident cases of pneumonia in children aged 1–59 months was conducted between October 2010 and September 2013 at a tertiary hospital in northeastern Brazil. The diagnosis of pneumonia was based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The control group consisted of children admitted to the day-hospital ward for elective surgery. Children with comorbidities were excluded. The risk factors for pneumonia that were investigated were among those classified by the WHO as definite, likely and possible. A multivariate analysis was performed including variables that were significant at p ≤ 0.25 in the bivariate analysis. The study evaluated 407 children in the case group and 407 children in the control group. Household crowding (OR = 2.15; 95 % CI, 1,46–3,18) and not having been vaccinated against the influenza virus (OR = 3.59; 95 % CI, 2,62–4.91) were the only factors found to increase the likelihood of pneumonia. Male gender constituted a protective factor (OR = 0.53; 95 % CI, 0,39–0,72). Changes on risk factors for pneumonia were most likely associated with the expansion of the vaccination program and social improvements; however, these improvements were insufficient to overcome inequalities, given that household crowding remained a significant risk factor. The protection provided by the influenza vaccine must be evaluated new etiological studies. Furthermore, additional risk factors should be investigated.

Diagnosis and management of primary hyperparathyroidism: a scientific statement from the Department of Bone Metabolism, the Brazilian Society for Endocrinology and Metabolism

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To conduct a literature review on the diagnosis and management of primary hyperparathyroidism including the classical hipercalcemic form as well as the normocalcemic variant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This scientific statement was generated by a request from the Brazilian Medical Association (AMB) to the Brazilian Society for Endocrinology as part of its Clinical Practice Guidelines program. Articles were identified by searching in PubMed and Cochrane databases as well as abstracts presented at the Endocrine Society, Brazilian Society for Endocrinology Annual Meetings and the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research Annual Meeting during the last 5 years. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendation were adapted from the first report of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine. All grades of recommendation, including "D", are based on scientific evidence. The differences between A, B, C and D, are due exclusively to the methods employed in generating evidence. CONCLUSION: We present a scientific statement on primary hyperparathyroidism providing the level of evidence and the degree of recommendation regarding causes, clinical presentation as well as surgical and medical treatment.

Exercise increases pancreatic β-cell viability in a model of type 1 diabetes through IL-6 signaling

Abstract: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is provoked by an autoimmune assault against pancreatic β cells. Exercise training enhances β-cell mass in T1D. Here, we investigated how exercise signals β cells in T1D condition. For this, we used several approaches. Wild-type and IL-6 knockout (KO) C57BL/6 mice were exercised. Afterward, islets from control and trained mice were exposed to inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β plus IFN-γ). Islets from control mice and β-cell lines (INS-1E and MIN6) were incubated with serum from control or trained mice or medium obtained from 5-aminoimidazole-4 carboxamide1-β-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR)-treated C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Subsequently, islets and β cells were exposed to IL-1β plus IFN-γ. Proteins were assessed by immunoblotting, apoptosis was determined by DNA-binding dye propidium iodide fluorescence, and NO(•) was estimated by nitrite. Exercise reduced 25, 75, and 50% of the IL-1β plus IFN-γ-induced iNOS, nitrite, and cleaved caspase-3 content, respectively, in pancreatic islets. Serum from trained mice and medium from AICAR-treated C2C12 cells reduced β-cell death, induced by IL-1β plus IFN-γ treatment, in 15 and 38%, respectively. This effect was lost in samples treated with IL-6 inhibitor or with serum from exercised IL-6 KO mice. In conclusion, muscle contraction signals β-cell survival in T1D through IL-6.