University of Groningen

About: University of Groningen is a education organization based out in Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 36346 authors who have published 69116 publications receiving 2940370 citations. The organization is also known as: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen & RUG.

China CO2 emission accounts 2016-2017.

Abstract: Despite China's emissions having plateaued in 2013, it is still the world's leading energy consumer and CO2 emitter, accounting for approximately 30% of global emissions. Detailed CO2 emission inventories by energy and sector have great significance to China's carbon policies as well as to achieving global climate change mitigation targets. This study constructs the most up-to-date CO2 emission inventories for China and its 30 provinces, as well as their energy inventories for the years 2016 and 2017. The newly compiled inventories provide key updates and supplements to our previous emission dataset for 1997-2015. Emissions are calculated based on IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) administrative territorial scope that covers all anthropogenic emissions generated within an administrative boundary due to energy consumption (i.e. energy-related emissions from 17 fossil fuel types) and industrial production (i.e. process-related emissions from cement production). The inventories are constructed for 47 economic sectors consistent with the national economic accounting system. The data can be used as inputs to climate and integrated assessment models and for analysis of emission patterns of China and its regions.

Compositional dependence of the performance of poly(p-phenylene vinylene): Methanofullerene bulk-heterojunction solar cells

Abstract: The dependence of the performance of OC(1)C(10)-PPV:PCBM (poly(2-methoxy-5-(3',7'-dimethyloetyloxy)-p-phenylene vinylene):methanofullerene [6,6]-phenyl C(61)-butyric acid methyl ester)-based bulk heterojunction solar cells on their composition has been investigated. With regard to charge transport, we demonstrate that the electron mobility gradually increases on increasing the PCBM weight ratio, up to 80 wt.-%, and subsequently saturates to its bulk value. Surprisingly, the hole mobility in the PPV phase shows an identical behavior and saturates beyond 67 wt.-% PCBM, a value which is more than two orders of magnitude higher than that of the pure polymer. The experimental electron and hole mobilities were used to study the photocurrent generation of OC(1)C(10)-PPV:PCBM bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. From numerical calculations, it is shown that for PCBM concentrations exceeding 80 wt.-% reduced light absorption is responsible for the loss of device performance. From 80 to 67 wt.-%, the decrease in power conversion efficiency is mainly due to a decreased separation efficiency of bound electron-hole (e-h) pairs. Below 67 wt.-%, the performance loss is governed by a combination of a reduced generation rate of e-h pairs and a strong decrease in hole transport.

Mental fatigue and task control: planning and preparation.

Abstract: The effects of mental fatigue on planning and preparation for future actions were examined, using a task switching paradigm. Fatigue was induced by “time on task,” with subjects performing a switch task continuously for 2 hr. Subjects had to alternate between tasks on every second trial, so that a new task set was required on every second trial. Manipulations of response–stimulus intervals (RSIs) were used to examine whether subjects prepared themselves for the task change. Behavioral measurements, event-related potentials (ERPs), and mood questionnaires were used to assess the effects of mental fatigue. Reaction times (RTs) were faster on trials in which no change in task set was required in comparison with switch trials, requiring a new task set. Long RSIs were used efficiently to prepare for the processing of subsequent stimuli. With increasing mental fatigue, preparation processes seemed to become less adequate and the number of errors increased. A clear poststimulus parietal negativity was observed on repetition trials, which reduced with time on task. This attention-related component was less pronounced in switch trials; instead, ERPs elicited in switch trials showed a clear frontal negativity. This negativity was also diminished by time on task. ERP differences between repetition and switch trials became smaller with increasing time on task.

Positional assembly of enzymes in polymersome nanoreactors for cascade reactions.

Abstract: In a good position: Nanoreactors can be constructed by the controlled positioning of glucose oxidase (GOX) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) within the central water pool and block-copolymer membrane of polymersomes. A one-pot multistep reaction sequence is performed with the nanoreactor in combination with free Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) in the bulk solution (see picture; ABTS: 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)). (Chemical Equation Presented)

R1 resection by necessity for colorectal liver metastases: is it still a contraindication to surgery?

Abstract: Objective:To compare long-term outcome of R0 (negative margins) and R1 (positive margins) liver resections for colorectal liver metastases (CLM) treated by an aggressive approach combining chemotherapy and repeat surgery.Summary Background Data:Complete macroscopic resection with negative margins is